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STAMPS OP U N1T KP S TATES GOP.hjRl ^MT SPOKESMEN 
ON WAR AIMS idfi: THiu PO ST-.V AR W P3LD 




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The extracts included vere taken from larteriels 
ft hand® Within each section of the outline 
President Roosevelt ®3 statements appear first 
with others following alphabetically by author* 
in index of all authors represented is appended® 


vj-r/ fii- 




























OUTLINE CF 






oo 


OFFICIAL STATBl-uiMTS OK WaR AIMS AND THE POST-WAR 'WORLD 



1 o Agreements 

&o The Atlantic Charter 
h 0 United Netlone Declaration 
e. Inter-Allied Conference 
d«. Lend-Lease Agreements 
e* nnglo-Russien Alliance 
fo Others 

2o The Significance of the War 


8» General Statements of Aims and War Significance 

bo The People’s T,r er 

c. Necessity of Victory 

do War of iurvival 

©o Defeat of Militarism and Nazism 

fo Four Freedoms* 

g„ Democracy and Way- of Life 

h*. Necessity for ^ost-War Planning Now 


Immediate Post-War Problems 


a. General Statements; Armistice Period 
br Disarmament of Aggressors 
Cc Occupation of Brainy Territory 

d. Reestablishing Government in &aeray ■•Occupied Territory 

e 0 Relief and Reconstruction 

fo Treatment of the Enemy 

g a Punishment of Those Guilty of Atrocities 

hr. Problem of Reparations 


do Prevention of Future Aggression 


a« General Statements 

be Role and Use of Force in International Life 

Cc Control of Armaments 

dr Control, of Strategic Areas 

e». The Future of Aggressor Stats.s 


5.-. Assurance of Prosperity 

g. General Statements on economic Relationships 
b» Equal Access to Materials; Removal of Trade Barriers 
c t Lend-Lease System (re Foat-Wnr) 
do Freedom of the Seat? 
e e Standards of Living 

f c Domestic Economic Programs; Free Enterprise; Labor; 


Housing 






0UTIJN3 
- 2 « 


Social Problems 

a» General Statements 
bo Migration and Settlement 
Co Nationality, and Minorities 
do I&ucational Reconstruction 

Structure and Control of Particular Territories 
(to Self Determination; Boundaries 
b 0 Decorations of Various Governments Regarding 
Particular Territories 
Co League of Nations Mandates 

do International Trusteeship and Other Dependent 
Areas 

International Organizations 

a® General Statements; General Post-War Policy; 

Isolation or Collaboration 
bo Principles of Organization 

(1) Universal v» Selective v, Regional 

(2) Senctionist 7 . Consultative 

(3) Basis of Representation and Voting 

Co Pre-War Agencies; League, Cotrt, Labor Organi¬ 
zation 

d. United Nations 

Bo Other International Agencies and Boards 
fe Regional International Organizations 






















. ' 










1, AGREEMENTS 


a, THE ATLANTIC CHARTER 

* 

H Joint declaration of the President of the United States of America and the Prime 
Minister, Mr* Churchill representing his Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom 
being met together deem it right to make known certain coupon principles in the national 
policies of thsir respective countries on which they bass their hopes for a better future 
for the worldc 

"First, their countries seek ho aggrandizement, territorial or other? 

"Second, they desire to see no territorial changes ihrt do not accord with the freely 
expressed wishes of the peoples concerned; 

"Third, they respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under 
which they will live; and they wish to see sovereign rights and self-government restored 
to those who have been forcibly deprived of them; 

"Fourth, they will endeavor, with due respect for their existing obligations, to 
further the enjoyment by all states, great or small, victor or vanquished, of access, on 
equal terms, to the trad© and to the raw materials of the world which ©re needed for their 
economic prosperity; 

"Fifth, they desire to bring about the fullest collaboration between ell nations in 
the economic field with the object of securing, for all, improved labor standards, eco¬ 
nomic advancement, end social security; 

"Sixth, after the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny, they hope to see established 
a peace which will afford to all nations the means of dwelling in safety within their own 
boundaries, and which will afford assurance that all the men in all the lands may live out 
their lives in freedom from fear and want; 

"Seventh, such a peace should enable all man to traverse the high seas and oceans 
without hindrance; 

"Eighth, they believe that all of the nations of the world, for realistic as well as 
spiritual reasons, must come to the abandonment of the use of force* Sine© no future 
peace can be maintained if land, sea or air armaments continue to be employed by nations 
which threaten, or may threaten, aggression outside of their frontiers, they believe, 
pending the establishment of a wider and permanent system of general security, that the 
disarmament of such nations is essential* They will likewise aid and encourage all other 
practicable measures which will lighten for peace-loving peoples the crushing burden of 
armamentso" (August 14, 1941, in the North Atlantic) 


b* UNITE]) NATIONS DECLARATION 

A joint declaration by the United States of America, the United Kingdom of Great 
Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, China, Aus¬ 
tralia, Belgium, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic, El 
Salvador, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New 
Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Poland, South Africa, Jugoslavia, 

The governments signatory hereto, having subscribed to a common program 
of purposes end principles embodied in the joint declaration of the Presi¬ 
dent of the United Stateo of America and the Prime Minister of the United 
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland dated August 14, 1941, known 
as the Atlantic Charter, being convinced that the complete victory over 
their enemies is essential to defend life, liberty, independence and re¬ 
ligious freedom, and to preserve human rights and justice in their own 
lands as well as in other lands, and that they are now engaged in a 


U - 2 


common struggle against savage and 'brutal forces saoking to subjugate* 
the world, declares 

lo Each government pledges itself to employ its full resources, 
military or economic, against those members of the Tripartite 
Pact and Its adherents with which such government is at war* 

2o Each government pledges Itself to cooperate with the govern¬ 
ments signatory hereto and not to make a separate armistice 
or peace with the enemies. 

The foregoing declaration may be adhered to by other nations which are, 
or which may be rendering material assistance and contributions in the 
struggle for victory over Hitlerisao (January 1, 1942, Washington, D.C.) 
(There follow signatures of the representatives of the 26 nations. 


Co INTJSB-AIXIED COUFiSCTCE 


do MD-LBASE AGBKSMMTS 

,, A$Xk Jfe£SkJll»JLg& 









Sec. So (b) "The terms and conditions upon which any such foreign government 
receives any aid authorized under subsection (a) shall be those which the President deemf 
satisfactory, and th© benefit to the United States may b© payment or repayment in kind or 
property, or any other direct or indirect benefit which the President deems satisfactory.” 


&3»JgMn.V JefetfiftR jfog., Spzaaamen&g , ,..o^ 

UbssL9bj}rJ^l frlMtotiPHLii mb&iuU&Ms&l .Ana fo 

11, Mil- 

Art. VII. “In tli© final determination of the benefits to be provided to th® 
United States of America by the Government of the United Kingdom in return for aid fur¬ 
nished under th© Act of Congress of March 11, 1941, th© terms and conditions thereof 
shall be such as not to burden commerce between the two countries, but to promote mutually 
advantageous economic relations between them and the betterment of world-wide economic re¬ 
lations. To that end, they shall include provision for agreed action by the United Statet 
of America and the United Kingdom, open to participation by all other countries of like 
mind, directed to the expansion, by appropriate international and domestic measures, of 
production, employment, and the exchange and consumption of goods, which are the material 
fouadat5,ons of the liberty and welfare of all peoples; to th© elimination of all forms of 
discriminatory treatment in international commerce, and to the reduction of tariffs and 
other trade barriers; end in general, to the attainment of all the economic objectives 
set forth in the Joint Declaration made on August 12, 1941, by the President of th® 

United States of America and the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom* 

“At an early convenient date, conversation© shall be begun between the two govern¬ 
ments with a view to determining, in the light of governing economic conditions, th© best 
means of attaining the above-stated objectives by their own agreed action end of seeking 
the agreed action of other like-minded governments. (February 23, 1942, Washington, B.C. 









"Agreements specifying the principles and procedures applicable to the pro¬ 
vision of aid to the United States and its armed forces by the Governments of the 
United Kingdom, Australia and New Zeeland were concluded today by exchanges of notes... 
A similar agreement concerning the provision of aid by Fighting France was concluded 
in London today... 

"These agreements formalize the principles and procedures applicable to the pro¬ 
vision of aid to the armed forces of the United States by the other -narties on the erma 
terms as those under which the United States supplies aid to them in accordance with 
the provisions of the Lend-Lease Act. Each of them, without awaiting conclusion of a 
formal agreement, has been providing such aid on these terms as occasion required since 
the passage of the Lend-Lease Act. This aid is rapidly increasing in importance as the 
intensity of the American war effort increases in the various theaters of operations 
concerned(U. S. State Department, Release September 2, 1942) 


Co ANGL0-3USSIAN ALLIANCE 


f e OTHER AGREEMENTS 


Final Act, 
Conclusion XXV 


POST-WAR PROBLEMS 


"WHEREAS? 

1. World peace must be based on the orinciples of respect for law, of justice 
and of cooperation which inspire the Nations of America and which hav8 been expressed 
at Inter-American Meetings held from 1089 to dates 

2. A new order of peace must be supported by economic principles which will 
insure equitable and lasting international trade with equal opportunities for all Nations; 

3. Collective security must be founded not only on politic©! institutions but 
also on just, effective, end liberal economic systems; 

4, It is indispensable to undertake the immediate study of the base* for this new 
economic and political order? 
end 


5. It is an imperative necesslt}'* for the countries of America to increase their 
productive capacity; to secure, from their international trade, returns which will permit 
them adequately to remunerate labor and im?)rove the standard of living of workers; to 
protect end preserve the health of their peoples end develop their civilization and culture** 




RSSOLVES* 

lo To request the Governing Board of the Pen American Union to convoke an Intor- 
American Technical Economic Conference charged with the study of present 8nd post-war 
economic problems. 

2» To entrust the Inter-American Juridical Committee with the formulation cf 
specific recommendations relative to the International organization in the juridical and 
political fields, and in the field of International security. 






4 


3c To entrust the later-American Financial and Economic Advisory Committee witl 
a similar function in the economic field, to make the necessary preparations for the 
Inter-American Technical Economic Conference, referred to in th© first paragraph of thi« 
Resolutiono 

4. To request the Pan American Union to appoint an Executive Committee to recel 
such projects as the American nations may present, end to submit said projects, respect! 
Xy to the Inter-American Juridical Committee and to the Inter-American Financial end See 
Advisory Committee. 

5* To request the Pan American Union to direct this Executive Committee to subai 
the recommendstions of the Inter-American Juridical Committee to the Governments of th® 
American Republics so that the conclusions reached may be adopted at a subsequent Meetln 
of Ministers of Foreign Affairs« 

6. To request the Pan American Union to determine, in agreement with the Govern 
meats of the American Republics, the date and place of meeting of the Inter-American 
Technical Economic Conference, referred to in th© first paragraph of the Reaolutione” 
(January 28 6 1942, Rio &© Janeiro, Brazil) 

the ■American 

Republics 

Conclusion XXXV 


SUPPORT AND ADHERENCE TO THE PRINCIPLES OF THE 
"ATLANTIC CHARTER" 


" .Republics 

RESOLVES i 

To take note of the contents of the ‘Atlantic Charter 9 and to express to th© 
President of the United States of America its satisfaction with the inclusion of that 
document of principles which constitute a part of the juridical heritage of America in 
accordance with the Convention on Rights end Duties of States approved at the Seventh 
International Conference of American States, held at Montevideo in 1933.” (January 
23, 1942, Rio d© Janeiro, Brazil) 


onal Trade in Wheat. Washington] 

D»-C Pr , AprtA ,32. 1942. 


L Wh0g * Meeting recently held in Washington has resulted in the approval 

by the Governments of Argentina, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United 
States of a Memorandum of Agreement as a first step towards the conclusion as soon as 
circumstances permit of a comprehensive international wheat agreement.... 

„ ^ The Ueaorandum of Agreement now concluded provides for the convening by the 

United States when the time is deemed propitious of a conference of all the nations 
having substantial interest in wheat, whether as consumers or producers? and there is 
attached to it for consideration at that conference a Draft Convention prepared by the 
Washington Wheat Meeting. In the meantime the Memorandum of Agreement requires the ador 
Uon and maintenance on the part of the four exporting countries of positive measures tc 
control production with the object of minimizing the accumulation of excessive stocks 
during the war 0 

4. The Memorandum of Agreement provides also for the immediate establishment 
of o pool of wheat for Intergovernmental relief In war-stricken and other necessitous 
areas so soon as the international situation permits. It brings Into operation the 
arrangements In the Draft Convention for contributions to a pool as they may be reouired 
of 100,000,000 bushels and additional quantities to be determined as the elnt of tL 










1 . - 6 


need becomes known* 

5o In order to prevent disorganization and confusion immediately after the 
war end pending the conclusion of e comprehensive internetional wheat agreement,, the 
present Memorandum provides for bringing into operation for a limited period the pro- 
visions ox the Draft Convention relating to the control by the four exporting countries 
of production p stocks and exports and for cooperation by all five countries in stabi¬ 
lizing prices*'’ (State Department Release, July 1, 1942) 






2 


1 


2o THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE WAS 

&c GENERAL STATEMENTS OF AIMS AND WAP. SIGNIFICANCE 


Ezej&li.z.P, XS2B2X&t ^X3*lteikt 

"••• we ere now fighting to maintain our right to live among our world neighbors 
in freedom and in common decency, without fear of assault." (December 9, 1941 0 Radio 
Address) 

gr&nfeUlV,P. Roo?Lt^lre^ident 

"We are fighting today for security and progress and for peace, not only for our¬ 
selves but for all men, not only for one generation but for all generations." 

(January 6, 1942, to Congress) 

jranfrlln D. Rag sevelt. President 

"We of the United Nations are agreed on certain broad principles in the kind of 
peace we seek. The Atlantic Charter applies not only to the parts of the world that 
border the Atlantic but to the whole world; disarmament of aggressors, self-determina¬ 
tion of nations and people, and the four freedoms— freedom of speech, freedom of 
religion, freedom from want and freedom from fear." (February 23, 1942, Speech) 

ESt& SJOSXlx. President 

"We reaffirm our principles (of the Atlantic Charter). They will bring uo to a 
happier world." (August 14, 1942, to Churchill) 

JL PoofLe y&lt^President 

"... you (young Americans) are fighting in the defense of your own homes, your own 
free schools, your own churches, your own. ideals. 

"In the concept of the Four Freedoms, in the basic principles of the Atlantic 
Charter, we have set for ourselves high goals, unlimited objectives." (September 3, 
1942, to the International Student Assembly) 

Franklin D._Roosevelt. President 

"Today America is making, end will continue to make every possible effort to win 
through to victory, and the establishment and maintenance of a just, righteous and 
permanent peace to the end that the principles of democracy may be preserved..." 
(September 27, 1942, Message to Gold Star Mothers) 


"It is useless to win a war unless it stays won. 

"We, therefore, fight for the restoration and perpetuation of faith and hope through¬ 
out the world. 

"The objective of today is clear end realistic. It is to destroy completely the 
military pcwer of Germany, Italy and Japan to such good purpose that their threat against 
us end all the other United Nations cannot be revived a generation hence. 

"We are united in seeking the kind of victory that will guarantee that our grand¬ 
children can grow and, under God, may live their lives, free from the constant threat of 
invasion, destruction, slavery and violent death." (October 12, 1942, Radio Address) 









2 . -• 2 


UrgBfcUtt Pt PftQgevsj.t. Fra b! dent (quoting tho Hew York Times) 

(Ordw^f ?“"? 8 f” nd ! nt n0ted thpt Mr - Vlnkle fc e d reflected In hie speech lest night 
ChnJihfvi 26 * } 942 tha f ® ellaff of seme of the countries visited that, tho Rooseve.lt- 
the ° f WPr ' ,l00 WPB U “ Ued i0 ihs Atlentic ares because it was known as 

Atlantic Charter, and were asking for a 'Pacific Charter' or a 'World Charter.' 
mattar nt resident replied that this was a peculiar question because it concerned a 
stons th» t ^^! d ;», He t r eC ^ lod tJl8t tot!l Secretary Hull and he had said on several eoea- 
cuote th ® Chprt ®i- applies to all humanity.• He allowed reporters to 

news hee„„«! r ?? Uy ° n th , i ! 1)01114 r elthou C h he emphasised that he did not regard it as 
Conference) 11 *** * reitaretloa of Previous statements. n (October 27, 1942. Press 

BalPh A. Bard 


"Our enemies fight to subjugate end enslave all the peoples of the earth. We fight 

If PU **. Pe ° piM ° f th9 esrW ” °“ r aEa » laa Proclaim the vlrt^s 

fiaht •„ * d SU ?! rl u r rac6B wlth 8 “y st iooj. right to oppress all other peoples. We 
tight for a world where every recs and every nation will have an equal chance to grow 
and prosper. They proclaim war as the ultimate destiny of man. We see war only as (in 
£mr^p“Z B L lty “a“ ia i Pe80 \ aS ‘ a0n ’ 8 da3tia ^ lbld recall allo t^t e" 
by !icfif<®e Wi^t? 8 i° ne ^ pPth 4ovfBrd a ” ora Perfect life has been paid for 

and tac^nco l! th»T**? t 8a ? rxfioe lle * 84 4ho root of every great human advance - 
»av. 1 ! constant price man must pay to preserve that which is good and to 

move^forward apace to that which is better. 

S “ 8h ) fi W8 r there can only be one outcome. Tor the will to be free— the will 
force! pf th \ worship one's God In safety- are the fundamental driving 

J?I * f 4Popxmaa race. They have brought men out of barbarism— and the forward 8 
Wilfman ' ^fighter world shall not be blocked now by any man or any nation. 

shall not likie / 0U rU \ ne 40 4he ohallen e® everywhere— the shadow of another dark age 
shall not again spread across the earth)" (September 8. 1942, Annapolis, Md.) 


B a^ph A. Bprd„ A s sistant Se cretary of tha Ka,-y 


reliaicuR ^ Sht ^ ° Ur tTeaio *’ eights as individuals, our 

thimT^ 1 ; 0 " ? blessings we have had so long we can't visualise being without 
Place fi^at on Jr m f 1U f material possessions, which we perhaps ere too inclined to 
other ! he , lEV8R ' 01 ' y llBt * 4119 fosseosions which when compared with those of 

29. 1942! Toronio! Canate)' °'” Ce ” 8880 Uke 8 Cerd * a ° f Bdaa ‘" < Sap4a »* ap 

f ijLl d r Taylo r ■ Under-! 


"It is only when we look beyond tho mere matter of existence that we find the dtfv.r 
f l0h 4P1 « struggle. It is only beyond the level of st^g aUve 

our^hiaftw th8 obJoCl ' ives whloh hsv ® dlvlded the world into armed camps. lAa onb aa 
COine t0 aean raore t0 us tihan our demies 5 objectives mesn to ^heia tha‘ 
Minneapolis^ .Minaf" 0 ” 1 * 114 * Z98d wlllch wl H -iro us on to victory." (Atvgust 26, 1942. 

Jog L gRfo..^ Qrei ^ gormer Ambassador to Japm 

... n< ^ T NaUonB leaders have enunciated the alms of this war In terms of the 

Atlantic Cnarter, the United Nations declaration and other public statements for democra, 









2 


3 


and against aggression.* These are not mere rhetoric. Belief in and determination to 
preserve spiritual values are our sword and our shield, nay, more, our secret as well 
as— to those who can see— our visible weapon,* We fight for freedom. We fight for the 
future. We fight as free men, by voluntary sacrifice.* 1 (October 8, 1942, Toronto, 

Canada) 

Jagenh C. _Grew. Former Ambassador to Japan 

w We, and the nations in that area that are resisting militarism and aggression, are 
fighting not only for freedom but for world peace, world democracy and world prosperity. 
Beyond the general aims of our war for survival there are positive high objectives in 
the Pacific and Par Bast to which we can and shall attain." (October 10, 1942, New York, 
New York) 

"In the Pacific war we are, therefore, not only fighting for progress, for democracy, 
for the four freedoms of the Atlantic Charter. We are fighting to free the richest cul¬ 
tural heritage of Bast Asia, and in this fight we are proud of our indispensable ally, 
China, and of her leader, Generalissimo Chiaag Kai-shek... " (Oct. 10, 1942, New York) 

Leon Henderson. Prlca Adpfolgtrafror 

"We are fighting for a land— and a world— which tomorrow must offer every man honest 
work at fair pay just as long as he is able end willing to produce. 

"W© ere fighting for a land— and a world— in which a man’s honest productive efforts 
will assure him end his family adequate food, clothing, shelter, medical cere, education 
and recreation. 

"We are fighting for a lend— and a world— which tomorrow must offer freedom of enter¬ 
prise, with labor free of compulsion, business and industry free of unregulated monopoly. 

"We are fighting for a land— and a world— of freedom for the human spirit and the 
human will. 

"These are our goals. They are the goals to which free men aspire. They are things 
which we can achieve/ (September 8, 1942, to Research Institute of America and Sales 
Executive Club of New York) 

,9f.Stel§L 

"Those nations that are making resistance are primarily seeking to save themselves, 
their homes, and their liberties. Greet Britain and the United States.., are acting 
primarily for their own safety." (April 24, 1942, American Society of International Law) 

. 

"When the times cry for action rather than words, an international discussion meeting 
such as this can be justified only by the assumption that the deeds of men ere the prod¬ 
ucts of their thoughts... The failure of our strongholds may be the outward and visible 
sign of a failure in our thinking. 

"Foremost among the paralyzing influences upon the Intellect is a fatalistic attitude, 
fostered, if not created, by the manner in which the United Nations got into the war. 

Not one willed the war.... 

The Nazi and the Jap have not labored under any such handicap— so far. They took 
the initiative with a national policy which presupposes that by their collective will and 
strength they could make a fate to their liking. ... 

"A second paralyzing force is a mental conflict involving moral values, before which 
we Americans stand a bit baffled. We have long been taught, and still believe, that might 
does not make right. And yet we see that all we hold to be morally right is in jeopardy 










2 o-4 


wherever it does not also possess physical might. ... 

"The Nazi and the Jep suffer no such conflict. Their policy ?„s dominated by th© doc~ 
trine that might is all that makes right and they apply themselves to exerting; brut© forc< 
with brutal singleness of mind. 

“A third retarding influence is an unrealistic emphasis on preservation of the status 
quo. Its ^reservation is to some extent a necessary implication of a war of defense * Bu 
our pleas to ’preserve our way of life’ too often do not get much beyond pleas to save t& 
status quo. Such an appeal has obvious limitations* The proportion of any population 
that is wholly content with its lot is small. Native populations are in sullen oppoaitioi 
to the existing order in areas important to our military success. Youth is likely to re¬ 
gard the current order as an obstacle against which he must make headway 9 or as a tight 
cast© he must break into. Hence the response of the people to the battle cry of the sta-j 
tus quo is cooled by many reservations and Indifferences. To make matters worse those 
whose lot or temperament makes them content with the existing order are by that very fact 
also made disinclined to risk their positions and possessions by bold and aggressive move 
And the war in all of the non-axis nations has been much in the hands of such as these* 

"In contrast, the Axis stirs the imagination of masses with promisee of e New Order 
which will give windfalls to ’have note’ among Individuals and peoples. ... 

“Beyond the maintenance of the status quo our announced aim to establish everywhere 
the four freedoms is an ideal to which I heartily subscribe. And while these alms seem 
idealistic and remote to the masses of hard-pressed men, you who are students know their 
value and their promise. 

“The Axis on the contrary states its aims in the all too seductive terms of greed and 
pride and of revenge and self-vindication. Their aims are low, but comprehensible to low 
men. 11 (September 2, 1942, Washington, D. C.) 

“Make no mietake about it e this war will not be over on the day an order is given to 
cease fire. If we are to make good the promise of an international society in which 
force will b© under law, which will insure broadened rights of access to th© world’s raw I 
materials and markets end sources of wealth, if we really try to stop or even to minimize! 
the exploitation of people thru the practices of th© old Imperialisms and extratorri tot¬ 
ality- there will be struggle aplenty, though battles are over." (Sept. 2, Washington, D ( 

"Our greatest assets are not in material things. They are to be found in what we I 
are fighting for— end what we are fighting against.” (December 19, 1942, Naval Academy j 
Graduation Address) 


and Rob er tP. Patterson. Under-Secretary of War 


“This fight for freedom ia the greatest test democracy has faced. It will decide 
whether free learning has armed men’s minds to solve the problems of man’s grimmest 
crisis. It will decide whether free religion has given man the faith to fight on against 
a ruthless enemy. It will decide whether he values‘free enterprise and free government 
enough to preserve them." (September ?, 1842, joint Labor Day statement) 


Donald M. Nelson. Chairman. War Production Board, 

“But it is on the battleline that freedom is being defended— where your right to 
free enterprise; your right to collective bargaining; your right to criticize; your right 
to worship as you please— it is on the battleline that those things you hold mere 
precious than all else are being defended." (March 2, 1942, Washington, D. C.) 









2 o-6 


H o»o we must have*,. a deep,, terrible and unrelenting hatred of everything our enemies 
ere and stand for, and e clear end steadfast vision of the eternal values we ere fighting 
| for, o. 

"We are not merely fighting a defensive war; we are not waging this struggle Just so 
that we can go beck to 1939, or 1935, or some other quiet yser in the far-away past. Life 
doesa 5 t work that way; whether we like it or not, tremendous changes that will affect 
every person on the globe are going to be born of this war. Above everything else, we are 
j fighting for the right to make sure that those changes will fit into our deepest hopes and 
' our highest ideals, 

" r ^'hat is the vision w® can see across the horror of this war. We will follow that 
! vision^— we will n*te, now and forever, all who stand between that vision and ourselves-- 
and we will go forward, a determined and united people, to follow the road that leads 
through victory to peace," (September 21, 1942, Kansas City, Mo,) 

Tre&fiaiy ffep.erM&al 

"Here^s what w© propose to do* 

n W8 propose to preserve for ourselves and our children the freedom and the opportunity 
which we Americans have created in this nation, 

'•We propose to help the nations allied with us to defend their threatened independence 

"And w© propose to restore the liberty which has been trampled and defiled and stolen 
from the lands of our ancestors—to bring freedom again to the neople of Holland arid Belgium 
— Poland and Norway and Denmark ~ to China and Prance and Czechoslovakia — to Greece, and 
the Ukraine — to Albania and Yugoslavia — to all the beaten and broken but uncoaqusred 
countries," (June 14, 1942, Chicago, Ill,) 

Prank 0, Walker, Postmaster General 

rt We must make clear to ourselves, and to the world, that our wpr aims ere identically 
the same as our peace terms . This fact i3 not yet well enough known; or, if known, not yet 
thoroughly accepted, 

"We do not intend to fight the war and have someone els© make the peace. We do not 
intend to sacrifice our noble youth and. give over their victory to any group of ambitious 
schemers* We must be vigilant lest w© wage a War for Human Bights and then abandon these„ 
when won, to the power-politics of any groups" (August 18 6 1942, Memphis, Tean,) 

Henry A, Wallace. Vice-President 

"And when the victory on the battlefield, is won our now world ideals will be needed all 
the more, as we confront the Job of building e wise and enduring peace for the entire world, 

"That fight for the right kind of peace will not be von in a day. That fight will go 
on down the years, 

"It will be fought over the entire world, wherever men and women and children live and 
love end make their homes, 

"It is a fight that never will be completely won, but it will always b© the fight most 
worth the winning. This is the fight that we in the new world have pledged ourselves to 
make, We shall not forsake that pledge," (September 16, 1942, Loe Angeles, anniversary 
of Mexican independence) 

"One thing is sure. We are not going back to where we were. One of the few certainties 
in the world is inevitable change. We could not atop the march of progress if we wanted to. 

We ere going forward with restored confidence in the democracy and liberty which underlie 
our civilization. But we can do something about the direction of the changes that will follow 
victory, Por that reason, we propose to plan ahead," (September, 1942, Pamphlet, Post-War 
Planning) 













2® THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE WAB 


2 o-6 


b„ THE PEOPLE 8 S WAR 


Franklin D® Ro£Bevelt, President 

11 1 firmly believe that Americana will welcome this opportunity to share in the fight 
of civilized mankind to preserve decency and dignity in modem life® For this is funda¬ 
mentally a people 8 s war — and it must be followed by a people 's peace®" (April 27, 
1942, to Congress) 


Adolf A. Berla 


M The War of the United Nations is a people’s war®” 


(March 7, 1942, Broadcast) 


Adolf A® Ber^a. Assis- 


n V,e are fighting a war of peoples® We are building an array of peoples® We are throw 
ing into the cause of human liberty the efforts of peoples the world over®" (October 12, 
1942, New York, 2tew York) 

Bjdd l e^._AttQ rney General 

‘‘Our war today is a war of peoples, allied throughout the world to reconquer or to 
defend their status as free men®" (March 23, 1942, Washington, D. C.) 

"Ws are entering the century of the common man® The free nations of the earth will 
determine that it must be controlled by the common man® I do not care whether the head 
of the state be called a President, an Emperor, a King or a Commissar® I have never my¬ 
self yearned tc be governed by a man who did not earn his own trousers but inherited 
them® The important thing will be whether the fat© and governance of the free nations 
of the earth— and we intend to make them ell free— shall be in the hands of the people 
themselves, regardless of the name by which they shall call their leader®" (June 21, 194 
Pittsburgh, Pa®) 

U flneld, Jl^pn^_Chei_rnan. War Production Board 

“In the deepest and truest sense, this is a peopled war® By that I mean that the 
only real gains which can come out of this struggle are gpins for the people as a whole 
We are fighting so that the richness of this modern world can more and more come to mean 
richness for ordinary folk, and so that ordinary folk may be free to do the best they can 
with lives which ar® not cramped and blighted by want®" (September 7, 1942, Cleveland 


H^^A®__jfeli e ,ge^ .Vice-President 


"Some have spoken of the ’American Century®’ I say that the century on which 
entering — the century which will com© out of this war ~ can be and must be the 
of the common man®" (May 8, 1942, New York, New York) 


we ero 
century 












2.-7 


Henry A. Wallace« Vice-President 

'•The four duties of the people*s revolution* as 1 see them today, are these: 

I* The duty to produce to the limit, 

2. The duty to transport as rapidly as possible to the field of battle, 

3. The duty to fight with all that is in us. 

4. The duty to build a peace — just, charitable and enduring. 

The fourth duty is that which inspires the other three." (Jay 8, 1942, New York, 

New York) 

Sumner welles, Under-Secretary of State 

"This is in very truth a people*s war. It is a war which cannot be regarded as won 
until the fundamental rights of the peoples of the earth are secured. In no other manner 
can a peace be achieved." (Jay 30, 1942, Memorial Day Speech) 

Sumner Welles. Under-Secretary of State 

"For since this is in truth a people’s war, it must be followed by a people’s peace." 
(October 8, 1942, Boston, Mass.) 


c. NECESSITY OF VICTORY 
Franklin D. Roosevelt. President 

"Only total victory can reward us." (January 6, 1942, to Congress) 

Franklin D. Roosevelt. President 

"....the only thing that matters now for every one of us in the United Nations — 
winning the war." (I5arch 9, 1942, Farm program Anniversary) 

Franklin D. Roosevelt, President 

"I do think that the idea is being understood more than ever before what would 
happen if any part of any of the Hemisphere were dominated by a successful Germany, 
we wouldn’t live the same kind of lives — ..." (April 14, 1942, .Washington, D. C.) 

Franklin D. Roosevelt. President 

are fighting to free the people of this earth from the most powerful, the most 
ruthless, the most savage enemy the world has ever seen." CMtay 10, 1942, Flag Day Statement) 

Franklin D. Roosevelt, President 

"You (young Americans) are doing first things first — fighting to win this war. For 
you know that should this war be lost all our plans for the peace to follow would be 
meaningless... Victory is essential; but victory is not enough for you — or for us." 
(September 3, 1942, to the International Student Assembly) 













Malt At... 


M We are resolved there shall be no compromise In this struggle*” (March 25, 1942 r 
New York, New York) 


”Th© Japanese military machine can end will he differed! ted in the eyes of the Japanese 
necple — and ve, the United States of America, will bring that about* 

"Two questions* First 9 why? Answer: because until it is so discredited, permanent 
.peace never can and never will be restored in the Pacific area* Second, how? Answer: 
by utter and complete defeat by the armed forces of the United State® of America and of 
the other United Nations/ (September 18, 1942, Syracuse, N. Y 0 ) 


S£ii£, Gw* Frank T, Hines. Administrator of .Veteran Affairs. 

"SSver since the Japs made their infamous attack, all right-thinking Americans have 
realized that one great task alone confronts all of us— the absolute and complete mi liter 
defeat of the enemies of freedom and democracy who are attempting to subjugate the world*” 
(September 1, 1942, Cincinnati, Ohio) 




”tfe do not vant, we will not have, a peace without victory—and I do not mean e r»ink- j 
tea victory 0 a * mi Iquo-toast 8 triumph* Nor will we tolerate e stalemate* We knew that a 
peace without victory would be only an intermission during which the enemy would ana him¬ 
self feverishly for a renewal of the attack, during which we, of necessity, would have to 
be doing the seise thing* 

"We know that we cannot be safe nor can there bo any peace in the world short of a 
victory imposed by the might of the United Nations upon those who would despoil and befoul 
this world* Such a victory we must have, and euch a victory we will win, regardless of 
the time it will take, cr the cost of it, or the sacrifices required to bring it about*” 
(March 12, 1942, Radio Address) 


C ourt 


"The nation is confronted by a grim and fateful choice — the choice between vlctoz*y 
and ruin*” (February 23, 1942, University of Buffalo, N*T. # Commencement) 


"Hard end long though the road may be, we will seek steadfastly the ultimate goal 
where peace awaits ua - a peace of Justice and righteousness - a peace with victory*” 
(January 12, 1942, Conference of Mayors) 

E« F&t tarson«__U nder-Secretary of War 

”ThiB has got to be an all-out war because the alternative, at the end of it, will be 
all-out victory or ell-out defeat* No compromise is possible* The other side will not 
offer any compromise, except to get time to strike again* U© will not accept any ouch 
compromise* You can 8 t compromise with a pair of rattlesnakes*” (September 18 f 1942, 

Camp Hood, Texas) 









2,-9 


Bab art J?. Patterson. Under-Secretary of *ar 

’’All our resources, in men end in materials, ell our energies, must 'be bent toward 
that single aim — winning the war." (September 19, 1942, Kansas City, Missouri) 

Ms.fi. U'Jii,, Wjs.U.es e , V L^r.resi dep J^ 

rt No compromise with Satan is possible. We shall not rest until all the victims under 
the Nazi yoke are freedo We shall fight for a complete peace as well as a complete vie- 
tory 0 rt (May 8, 1942, New York) 

SttBB . Ufidep-Segra^ry, of.St^tg. 

"... I am not one of those few who believe that ’we are losing this war.* I not only 
believe that we ere going to win this war, but I know that however long the struggle may 
be, however mountainous the obstacles that must yet be overcome, the American people will 
never lay down their arms until the final and complete victory is won by the United 
Nations(October 8, 1942, Boston, Mass.) 


d= WAR OF SURVIVAL 
Franklin D. Roosevelt. President 

n 000 I think that survival is whst our problem is, survival of what we have all 
lived for for a great many generations. 11 (April 14, 1942, Pen American Governing Board) 

Franklin D n H.Q 

"For they (the American people) know that the enemy is determined to destroy us, our 
homes and our institutions ~ that in this war it is kill or be killedo (September 7, 
1942, to the Nation) 

William 0. DougLaa. Ms^ 

’’We are fighting for our very lives, our homes, our land, end our free institutions 
oo.o This is indeed a war for survival..«“ (September 5, 1942, Walla Walls, Washington) 

James V. Fprrestal. Ui^er-Secrelai^ 

Coming from the Southwest Pacifies “I was leaving an atmosphere of e war of annihi- 
lation../a war in which there are no rules except the ultimate rule of the jungle, 
survival or death, 

"There is no appeasement, no negotiation with the ravaging forces that have been 
loosed upon the world." (September 6, 1942, Pearl Harbor, T.H.) 

qsent! Co Grew, former AmbagsafpJL JLQ-ilMlM 

"o.oo while we are fighting against the forces of evil, lawlessness, and disorder 
in the world,~we ore orinarlly fighting to prevent the enslavement which actually 
threatens to be Imposed upon us If we fail. (august 30, 1942, Hadio Address) 













2 . - 10 


CgJCdell Hull. Secretary of State 

"We, Americans, are fighting today because we have been attacked. We are fighting, 
as I have said, to preserve our very existence." (July 23, 1942, Radio Address) 

QZ ^9^ Of Dftf.kg 

" foils is a var of extermination . Sither we survive or we don’t. Ho American wants 
to live as a slave. I tell you with all the earnestness I can command that those are the 
only two choices we have. I have no reason to deceive you — I have no personal ambitions 
I don’t want e promotion. I don’t went any power. All I want is to win this warl I am 
telling you the truth - we are playing for keeps! The stakes are high. They are men’s 
lives and, more sacred still, men’s liberties." (September 30, 1942, Toronto, Canada) 

Donald M, Kelson. Chairman. War Production Board 

"The United States is fighting for its life.... " (February 18, 1942, Washington, D.C. 

Rpfegrt P. rgttersQn, UftfoT-Spc,retf.,ry. pf Wpr 

"Our republic is fighting for its existence and its future life.” (December 14, 1941, 
Hew York) 


e. D£FSAT OF MILITARISM ABD NAZISM 
Franklin D. Roogavgiy 

"Sources of international brutality wherever they exist must be absolutely and finally 
broken. * (December 9, 1941, Radio Address) 

Franklin D. Roosevelt, President 

"Our own objectives rre clear? ... the objective of smashing the militarism imposed by 
War Lords upon their enslaved neoples; ..." (January 6, 1942, to Congress) 

Franklin D. Roosevelt. President 

"We and the other United Nations sr© committed to the destruction of the militarism 
of Japan end Germany," (February 23, 1942, Radio Address) 

Franklin D. RooseveltPresident 

"If the forces of conquest are not successfully resisted and defeated there will be no 
freedom and no independence end no opportunity for freedom for any nation. 

"It is, therefore, to the single and supreme objective of defeating the Axis forces of 
aggression that the United Nations have pledged all their resources and efforts." 

(August 14, 1942, to Churchill) 

Joseph C. Grew. Former Ambassador, to Jar)an 

"That Japanese military machine end military caste end military system must be utterly 
crushed, their credit and predominance must be utterly broken, for the future safety and 
welfare of the United States end of the United Nations and for the future safety end 
welfare of civilization and humanity." (August 30, 1942, Radio Address) 














2 0 - 11 


S9IMLML Sectary, pQla$& 

n Ve ere united. In our determination to destroy the world-wide force of ruthless con¬ 
quest and brutal enslavement(July 23, 1942, Radio Address) 

C c Hpys^ll, Chief,.o.f^Staff 

"No compromise is possible, and the victory of the democracies can only be complete 
with the utter defeat of the war machines of Germany and Japan/' (May 29, 1942, West 
Point, N.Y.) 

Leo PasYOlsky c State Department 

"Our country and all nations associated with us in the present conflict ere resolved 
that the brutal forces of conquest end domination will be utterly destroyed." (March 4, 
1942, Delaware, Ohio) 

Henry A, W_aIlace,J[iji^iireaMea_t_ 

“We (Mexico, United States, and United Nations) ere fighting against the monsters of 
tyranny and savage force, wherever on the earth they must be fought, (September 16, 
1942, Los Angeles, Calif., anniversary of Mexican independence) 

Sumner Welles. Under-Secretary of State 

rt . 0 o the German and the Italian people, like the peoples of the United Nations, know 
that no such world can rise Into being until Hitlerism end the gangsters who compose it 
are finally crushed end defeated/' (March 16, 1942, Press Conference) 

Sumner Welles ^ 

"We must utterly and finally crush the evil men, end the iniquitous systems which 
they have devised, that are today menacing our existence^ and that of the free men and 
women throughout the earth. There can be no compromise 0 (May 30, 1942, Arlington, ^a.) 


f a POUR PRHHDOMS 
Franklin P. Roosevelt, Presl denl 

"In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded 
upon four essential human freedoms. 

"The first is freedom of speech and expression— everywhere in the world. 

"The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way— everywhere in 

the "The^third is freedom from want— which, translated into world terms, means economic 
understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabi¬ 
tants—* everywhere in the world. _,, 

"The fourth is freedom from fear— which, translated into world terms, means a world¬ 
wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation 
will be in a position to commit en act of physical aggression against any neighbor— 
anywhere in the world." (January 6, 1941, to Congress/ 










2 . ~ 12 


Franklin p. Hooceyelt, President 

rt Our own objectives ere clear; the objective of establishing and securing free¬ 
dom of speech^ freedom of religion, frsedom from want, end freedom from fear everywhere 
in the worldo (January 6, 1942, to Congress) 

Il^lLUs^^_2QOgev611. President 

11 To guarantee those blessings to ell the world this country has become an arsenal o: 
democracy which we hone under Cod will guarantee to all mankind not only freedom of 
speech, freedom to worship God each in hie own way, but freedom from want and freedom 
from fear as well* 

M That is the kind of world w® are fighting to attaint (March 26, 1942, New Haven, 
Cornu) 

grenkUh P ? _J^oaeyeIt. President 

"The four freedoms of common humanity are as much elements of man c 8 needs as air enc 
sunlight, bread and salt® Deprive him of all these freedoms and he dies— deprive him 
of a part of them and a part of him withers * Give them to him in full and abundant 
measure and he will cross the threshold of a new age, the greatest age of man* 

"These freedoms are the rights of men of every creed and every race, wherever they 
live, (June 14, 1942, Flag Day Address) 

tenkIla^A- Ao_o_&e.ve lt, President 

"iSvery on© of you has an individual mission in this war— this greatest and most 
decisive of all wars» You are not only fighting for your country and your people— you 
are, in the large sense, delegates of freedom," (June 14, 1942, Message in Yank ) 

Franklin Xk Roosevelt. Presld^nfr 

"On this grim anniversary its (Independence Day) meaning has spread over the entire 
globe— focusing the attention of the world upon the modern freedoms for which ell the 
United Nations are now engaged in deadly ware" (July 4, 1942, Independence Day Address) 

X?.fi&kliA ,Py Boq sey^^ Presiden t 

"I express the confident hope that the Atlantic Charter and the just world order to 
be mad© possible by the triumph of the United Nations will bring the Jews and oppressed 
people in all lands four freedoms which Christian and Jewish teachings have largely 
inspiredo" (July 17, 1942, Jewish Hally) 


"Our cause is not only liberty for ourselves but liberation for others * An American 
victory will be a United Nations victory end a victory for oppressed and enslaved people 
everywhere e " (October 12, 1942, Columbus Day Statement) 

MpJX-^Jgrl^ Assistant _Secr©ta,ryL_of State 

"Our ancestors in the New V/orld challenged the mightiest empires and made themselves 
fre® 0 To deserve that freedom, as to make ourselves eafe, we must now make freedom 
universale (September 1, 1942, Radio Address) 










2„ - 13 




ggangi^jBu^ wJk: 

"Since freedom is both our cause and our assurance, we must preserve and extend it 
while we are fighting." (March 23, 1942, W PB hington, DoCo) 

Joseph C B Grew. Former Ambassador to Japan 

"We are fighting this war for the preservation of righteousness, law, and order, but 
above all for the preservation of the freedoms which have been conferred upon us by the 
glorious heritage of our American citizenship and for these same freedoms in other coun¬ 
tries of the United Nations;... " (August 30, 1942, Radio Address) 

Cordell JdL,,Secretary, of State 

"In this vast struggle, we, Americans, stand united with those who, like ourselves, 
are fighting for the preservation of their freedom; with those who are fighting to regain 
the freedom of which they have been brutally deprived; with those who are fighting for 
the opportunity to achieve freedom." (July 23, 1942, Radio Address) 

Donald M. Nelson, Chairman. War FrodupUflA..Maud 

"We have in America the one great common aim which all free men must have— to perfect 
our freedom, to guard it fiercely because we know its worth, and to make it mean reel free¬ 
dom for all of us in all ways." (July 10, 1942, Detroit, Mich.) 


Henry A. Wallace. Vice-Frasident 

"This is e freedom war end no one in the United States is going to compel anyone else 
to believe in any particular philosophy." (Anril 18, 1942, Aberdeen, Md.) 


Henry A. Wallace. Vice-President 

"The people, in their millennial end revolutionary march toward manifesting (here on 
earth) the dignity that is in every human soul, hold as their creed the Four Freedoms... 

"And now, as we move forward toward realizing the Four Freedoms of this people’s 
revolution ..." (May 8, 1942, Free World Association) 


Henry. A,. Wallace, Vlce-tejidgal 

"The Mexican people have a. profound belief in the Four Freedoms as enunciated by 
President Roosevelt— freedom of speech end religion, freedom from want and fear. But if 
I understand their history and feelings correctly, they would add three more freedoms 
first, the freedom to buy land at a reasonable price; second, the freedom to k°^ow money 
at a reasonable rate of interest; and third, the freedom to establish schools which teach 
the realities of life." (September 16, 1942, Los Angeles, Calif., anniversary of Mexican 
independence.) 


Sumner Welles. Unde r-S_ecret pry o f SteJ& 

"The kind of world for which the American people and their government stand is a world 
of international d.cenoy and of Justice in which men and women will he free to "orshlp. 
free to think and speck,, and in which they will he free from fear. (March 16, 1942, 

Press Conference) 














2, - 14 


Bofird 


M We look forward to securing, through planning and cooperative action, a greater 
freedom for the American people. Great changes have come in our century with the indus¬ 
trial revolution, the rapid settlement of the continent, the development of technology, 
the acceleration of transportation and communication, the growth of modern capitalism, 
and rise of the national state with its economic programs. Too few corresponding adjust¬ 
ments have been made in our provisions for human freedom. In spite of all these changes, 
that great manifesto, the Bill of Rights, has stood unshaken 150 years. And now to the 
old freedoms we must add new freedoms and restate our objectives in modern terras; 

w FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND EXPRESSION, FREEDOM TO WORSHIP, FREEDOM FROM WANT, and FREEDOM 
FR0i4 FEAR, these are the unlversals of human life. 

{, Th© translation of freedom into modern terms applicable to the people of the United 
States includes, as the National Resources Planning Board sees it, the following declara¬ 
tion of rights: 

”1. THE RIGHT TO WORK, usefully end creatively through the productive years; 

M 2o TH.5 RIGHT TO FAIR PAY, adequate to command the necessities and amenities of life 

in exchange for work, ideas, thrift, and other socially valuable service; 

tt 3o THE RIGHT TO ADEQUATE FOOD, CLOTHING, SHELTER, and MEDICAL CARE; 

B 4, THE RIGHT TO SECURITY, with freedom from fear of old age, want, dependency, sick* 

ness B unemployment, and accident; 

”5. THE RIGHT TO LIVE IN A SYSTEM OF FREE ENTERPRISE, free from compulsory labor, 
irresponsible privete power, arbitrary public authority, and unregulated monopolies; 

”6. THE RIGHT TO COME AND GO, TO SPEAK OR TO BE SILENT, free from the spying! of 
secret political police; 

M 7o THE RIGHT TO EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW, with equal access to Justice in fact; 

”8. THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION, for work, for citizenship, and for personal growth and 

happiness; and 

M 9. THE RIGHT TO BEST, recreation,and adventure; the opportunity to enjoy life and 
take part in an advancing civilization." (September 1942, Pamphlet, Post-war Planning) 


go DEMOCRACY AND WAY OF LIFE 
Franklin D. Roosevelt. President 

M We are now in the midst of a war not for conquest, not for vengeance, but for © world 
in which this nation, and all that this nation represents, will be safe for our children.” 
(December 9, 1941, Broadcast) 

IT8S& liaJL. 

"We are fighting, as our fathers have fought, to uphold the doctrine that all men are 
equal in the sight of God.” (January 6, 1942, to Congress) 

"... I have full faith and confidence that we shall be victorious in our struggle to 
maintain the democratic way of life. (March 31, 1942, Virgin Islands transfer nnniversar 

"Today, the sons of the new world are fighting in lands far distant from their own 
America. They are fighting to save for all mankind, including ourselves, the principles 
which have flourished in this new world of freedom." (October 12, 1942, Radio Address) 







lo 


w We are engaged in fighting a war for democracy-” (May 26, 1942, Philadelphia* Pa-) 
Harold L. Ickea. Secretary of Interior 

w We are desperately engaged in a titanic purpose to sav© our democratic institutions 
and to scourge from the earth a malignant evil- (May 26, 1942, Boston, Mass-) 

Harold Secretar^XJ^tMlor 

"If common men are fighting this war to establish that liberty, without which a peo¬ 
pled century could never come into being, they must see to it, end they are going to see 
to it, that the guiding principles of our political, economic and social life shall be 
those underlying the Sermon on the Mount and the Declaration of Independence- That, above 
all else, is our war goal- That is why men are dying — so that man may live-” (June 21, 
1942, Pittsburgh, Pa-) 


Harold I- I ekes. .Sec rMarx_of_l 5 te£^ 

"For millennia man ha® been struggling toward the day when there would be established 
a society in which those who constitute it are truly brothers, regardless of the color of 
their skins- For centuries men of vision have been striving to establish a society based 
upon equal opportunity under the law, a society which recognizee that all men are endowed 
with certain inalienable rights, and within which it is a point of honor not to be the 
beneficiary of a special "orlvilege but rather to accept only the fruits vfhich one has 
grown for himself." (July 14, 1942, New York) 

Robert H- Associate Jus ties ^ _Supre me -go^l (quoting OGR Information Digest) 

"He said the nation must battle for a new order and a peace that 8 can only be founded 
on democracy — a virile and militant democracy 8 (February 23, 1942, University of 
I Buffalo, N.Y-, Commencement) 


Robert H. Jackso n, Afisoglfta Justice. Supreme...Cou£t 

rt We of the United States can offer no more significant contribution in support of 
wisdom and fortitude than the history of our experiment in adapting older democratic 
thought to the needs of our time and country. The sum of the wisdom to be learned from 
study of the genesis and struggles of self government in this country is to confirm the 
wisdom taught by the great cultures that antedate us — that it is not only liberal go - 
ornments but wise self restraints that make men free- We must hold “g 

to become a light unto them that sit in the darkness of conquest- (September 2, 1942, 

Washington, D. C.) 

Wendell Lund. War Production Board 

"Lebor's elms in the peace are not merely the aims of the man and wo “®“ 
under the enlightened and improved conditions secured by the ^*° n ® "“ch they Hoi 
membership cards. Labor’s alms are to safeguard and Interpret the Bill of Bights, and 
r^ce them « effective in Industry as in government. Ourvorkersdrawtherstrength 
from the realisation that while the Axis has only bombs, we Havabomba and the Jill 
Rights end the challenge and the chance to build a better worlds (June 6, 1942, 
Berkeley, Calif-) 














2 . - 18 


Ar pfrj/bfild Maslslah. Office of Wa y Information 

,? We are waging this war in order that America, may remain s. democratic country — in 
order that America may achieve a greater, not a narrower, democracy— ...” (April 20, 
1942, Associated Press Annual Luncheon) 

ggfrSE t P,.Patterson. Under-Secret >rv of War 

"I have faith that we will gain a complete victory over those who would destroy us. 

X have confidence at the conclusion of this war our fundamental rights will be undimin- 
ished and that because of our sacrifices in this present struggle, our posterity shall 
continue to enjoy the precious liberties of our Bill of Rights," (December 14, 1941, 

New York) 

Major general D ugene Reybold. Chief of Bnglneers. War Department 

H How, at last, there can be no one so blind as not to see that this la truly a war 
for the world. It is a war for bur world— the world as we know it— the world as we 
propose to leave it for our children*" (March 26, 1942, Philadelphia, Pa,) 

Henry A. Wallace, Vice-President 

"When that day of victory comes the New World will have a chance to make a greater 
contribution than ever before to the welfare of all humanity* W© can help other peoples 
to acquire those blessings of democracy for which wo ourselves have struggled so hard 
and so long, We can give the benefit of our own experience in the practice of democracy. 
<*© cen encourage other peoples who will be striving for ©quality of opportunity, for uni¬ 
versal education, for modern methods of production, for wide participation in government, 
tfe can hold forth the New World ideal of International peace based on real friendship and 
understanding, 

"This is not to say that we in the New World have actually reached any such perfect 
democracy. Though we aspire to these ideals we still have far to go in attaining them," 
(Article, New York Times . October 11, 1942) 

Thomas M. WpQdwfird f Vlee-Cha1rman. Maritime Commission 

"We are fighting to maintain Democracy, Wa interpret that word as the right of a fre 
people to determine its own mode of life; the right of an Individual to express himself 
freely without limitation of state action, in short, freedom of speech, which implies fra 
dom of the press; the right to worship according to the dictates of conscience; the right 
of fre© assembly and petition; and the right to govern ourselves through our freely chose 
representatives and not to be ruled by the arbitrary edicts of self-appointed persona by 
whatever name - dictator or leader," (March 6, 1942, Haverford, Pa,) 

"We must fight the despotisms and all their forces, not only with greater force but 
with ideas and faith, w© must develop end hold out to the enslaved people now under the 
heel of the dictators a better way of life than we or they have had," (September, 1942 
Pamphlet, Post-war PianMng) 










2, - 17 


ho NECESSITY FOB POST-WAR PLANNING NOW 
j *Shatfield -Taylor, Under-Secretary of Commerce 

M Th© burden that will be thrown on a lean end hungry distributing system by the coming 
j of peace and the reconversion of industry, may prove a strain that will shake the system 
from top-to-bottom. Consideration of the rehabilitation of the distributing system should 
j b© & part of your (distributors) method of encroach to your present problem- 

“Neturally you csnnot plan the details of your operations in the first years of peace. 
We cannot know enough about the conditions under which we will be struggling then- But 
you can be questioning every policy and practice of the past, not only as to necessary 
emergency changes but also as to long-range efficiency. 

w Your long-range planning must go farther than the probable booming days which should 
attend victory- We should end this war with a greater productive plant then man has 
dreamed about. As that plrnt is converted to civilian production, we will be face-to-face 
with what might be termed the post-post-war period- 

M Then will arrive the greatest challenge ever made to the distributing brains of the 
nation- Then as never before, will emphasis in business be upon distributing- 11 (October 
5, 1942, Boston, Mass-) 

Weyne .Chat fl e Id-Tayl 0?1 Under-Sec rotary o f Commerce 

M 0n the foundations of victory the United Nations will build- Plans must be reedy for 
this new structure; we cannot afford to be without them- When the break comes it will 
appear suddenly. After years of bitter war the world need not be exposed to further years 
of anarchy, merely because plans to meet the problems of reconstruction are difficult to 
make- 

”1 can assure you that there will be plans to meet whatever immediate necessities of 
the situation may require - not only plans but materials, supplies and organizations to 
put them into quick effect- 11 (October 7, 1942, Boston, Mass-) 

Brig- Gen-. Philip B- Fleming. Admlnlstractor..,Federal .'lorte-Agsn&L 

H My primary concern, the primary concern of all of us, is to win the war. And we will 
win it- Of only slightly less importance in my opinion, is the situation we are likely to 
face after the war is won... 

n I hope we have learned from our mistakes- This time it will be inexcusable if we fail 
to prepare the blueprints and the specifications well in advance, so that we can pull them 
out of the cupboard in our time of need and put the contractor end his construction people 
to work. 

M We have the opportunity here to rehouse all of our people in decency end comfort, to 
rebuild our Cities closer to the yeart 8 s desire, to produce a happier and fuller life for 
all of us and our children, and in the process to assure a job to every man willing and 
able to work-" (September 30, 1942, Toronto, Ontario) 

Brig- Gen- Phllln B. Fleming. Administrator..JMeral Works Agency 

„ e „ I prefer to be counted as belonging to the... school which holds that the period 
following the war will most probably be one of uncertainty, and that we will be extremely 
unwise if we fail to make some -Diana for it now- Some of those plans should provide jobs 
that may not be available in private Industry- Perhaps the best way for government to 
■provide jobs is through a comprehensive program of necessary nubile works- Other plans, 
fiscal and economic, also must be made- Indeed, it may turn out that public works con¬ 
struction will be only a minor part in the overall post-war program, but that is the only 









2. ~ 18 


part of the program with which we are concerned at the moment." (October 21, 1942, 

Chicago, Illc) 

“The kind of planning we need for the post-war adjustment, in my opinion, will get mos 
of the preliminaries out of the way now, before the end of the war. We will have the bluej 
prints drawn and the specifications written. We will have the sites acquired. We will ihai 
had our couneilmanic approval and our bond issues voted, if necessary? and, where Federal j 
assistance is necessary, advance arrmgements will be made for it. And then, when our 
present war plants shut down and start to re-tool, and our boys come back from overseas, wfl 
can pull our blueprints out of the cupboard, hand them to the contractor, conduct him to tl 
site, and say, ®Iou start digging- here tomorrow morning.’ The fates that rule over us may 
not give us a year or two years this time to make up our minds to begin to get ready to 
start.” (October 21, 1942, Chicago, Ill.) 

Cordell Hull, Secretary of State 

”Without impediment to the fullest prosecution of the war— indeed, for its most effec¬ 
tive prosecution— the United Nations should from time to time, as they did in adopting thi 
Atlentic Charter, formulate and proclaim their common views regarding fundamental policies 
which will chart for mankind a wise course based on enduring spiritual values.” (July 23, 
1942, Radio Address) 

♦ (quoting New York Times) 

“When Senator Bankhead of Alabama expressed fear that rayon producing plants might 
control the tire manufacturing business after the war, Hr. Jeffers said? 

” *Our job now is to win the war. Let’s quit talking about whst e s going to happen after 
the war. 8 ” (October 12, 1942, before Senate Agricultural Committee) 

Isaak Knox ,__Secre_tarv_Qf _the Navy, 

M Th8 hope of a permanent peace must be deferred for the presont. We must prepare for a 
long war. Our nations must prepare to fight for their own freedom for that is tied up in I 
that of mankind in general. This requires collaboration in the real sense of the word. It 
demand® loyal cooperation and sacrifice. We must b© prepared to give reciprocal aid.” 
(March 30, 1942, Inter-American Defense Board) 

Rear Admiral, Howard L. Vic ke ry. U.SoN., Vice-Chairmen. U. S. Maritime Commlsfilop 

”... it would be foolish not to look ahead now at some of the ills to which the maritin 
industry is likely to be exposed when the war Is over. We are fighting to establish a secu 
peace. Intelligent planning for the merchant marine of the future is essential, therefore, 
end must be considered along with our present effort®. 

18 To be cure, the merchant marine of tomorrow holds forth far more promise than did the 
one which was being built twenty-five years ago. From this war we will emerge with much 
better ships, with a more efficient seagoing personnel and with the wise provision of the 
Merchent Marin® Act of 1936 to guide us. a (October 16, 1942, New York, N. Y.) 

Sumner Welles. Undersecretary of State 

”The final terms of the r>eece should wait until the immediate teske of the transition 
period after the defeat of the Axis powers have been completed by the United Nations, and 
until the final judgements can be coolly and rationally rendered. 

’’But the organization through which the United Nations are to carry on their cooperatioi 
should surely be formed so far as practicable before the fires of war which are welding thei 
together have cooled. Everything which can be done to this end before the war is over must 
be done.” (June 17, 1942, Baltimore, Md.) 















- 19 


Carroll JU Wilson« Pepartment of. Commerce 

”It Is too early to pirn the peace*.. But it is not too early (in the war) for you,.. 
end you... end you,,. every one of you here and everyone whom you represent,, to he think¬ 
ing daringly, courageously, even fantastically of how to create enough customers to keep 
our production plant filled with orders when the war is over o' 1 (February 28, 1942 1 
Chicago, Ill*) 


'’Nowadays a great deal of valuable time is being wasted in loose talk of post-war 
planning*" (February 28, 1942, Chicago, Ill*) 


1 Carroll I* Wilson. Department of Commerce 

”... it is not too early for you to be devoting a little of your thinking to the oart 
which you can play in making the United States strong for the peace*" (March 25, 1942, 
Chicago, Ill.) 

tional Resources Planning Board 

'* Post-war demands to put men and materials to work to rebuild cities cannot find us 
seeking postponement because comprehensive ^lans are not ready; on the other hand, it 
would be tragic to plunge into a series of unplanned public and private works. Ue must 
be in a position to bring to bear at the earliest possible date the available facts and 
the Judgments of those who know their communities— officials, civic and social agencies, 
citizens— to produce at least rought sketches of the directions and forms which community 
development should take; jhen, as time and facilities warrant, we can progressively fill 
in gaps in our knowledge and refine our plans. ?he National Pesources Planning Board is 
now arranging with several cities to launch experiments in this type of progressive 
planning*'* (May 18, 1942, Article, Better Cities) 

'*Despite the demands of the v/arr effort on the time and energy of all ot us, it is 
none too soon for groups in every city to organize in cooperation with their own officials 
for community self—analysis, for the thought end study needed to guide post-war rebuilding^ 
(May 18o 1942, Article, Better Cities) 


National Resources ?l£Ening_^agrd 

’*To win tlie peace, we must prepare now*— even while we are concontrating on winning 
the war* In a very real sense, the clarification of the objectives in the onward march 
o-r freedom-loving people is an essential prrt of our war effort*'* (September, 1942, 
Pamphlet, Post-war Planning) 


**There are those who contend that we should not plan now, but should wait until the 
end of the war and then begin to plan* To wait until the war is over will be to vait 
until it is too late. Then the war ends, some 70 billion dollars of war expenditure must 
be diverted into peace channels; when the war ends, 30 million war workers must be brough, 
back again to tasks of peace* Oreat industries must be reorganized and reconverted* Many 
communities with war industries must be reorganized* V FS t dislocations of men, materials, 
capital, must be relocated.” (September, 1942, Pamphlet, Post-war Planning) 






















. 












































































































3.-1 


3o IMMEDIATE POST-AAR PROBLEMS 

a. GENERAL STAT&ElITSj ARMISTICE PERIOD 


Franklin D. Roosevelt. President 

"The challenge of the new day for American colleges is very great. All our energies 
at the present must be devoted to winning the war. Yet winning the war will be futile if 
we do not throughout the period of its winning keep our people prepared to make a lasting 
and worthy peace. This time the peace must be global, the same as the war has become 
global. 

"Around the peace table the voice of the United States will have great weight. It is 
of tremendous importance that that voice shall represent the aspirations of a people de¬ 
termined that mankind everywhere shall go forward to its destiny. The soul of that destiny 
is maximum freedom of the human spirit." (September 24, 1942, letter to E. N. Case, 
president of Colgate University) 

Adolf A. Berle, Assistant Secretary of State 

"The technique of that period of transition must be planned and thought out soon — 
for this time we cannot risk the breaking of all ranks which took place in 1913 when 
Germany collapsed. 

"In that transition period, it will be necessary by a combined effort to make arrange¬ 
ments, — and make them quickly — so that nations generally can use their resources and 
their manpower to satisfy their peoples’ needs." (October 15, 1942, Birmingham, Alabama) 

Henry A. Wallace. Vice President 

"Those who write the peace must think of the whole world. There can be no privileged 
peoples, i'fe ourselves in the United States are no more a master race than the Nazis. And 
we can not perpetuate economic warfare without planting the seeds of military warfare, Ae 
must use our power at the peace table to build an economic peace that is just, charitable 
and enduring. 

"If we really believe that we are fighting for a people’s peace, all the rest becomes 
easy." (;.tay 8, 1942, New York City) 

Carroll L. .Vilsoru Department of Commerce 


"It is not doubtful that we must produce substitutes now for many of these items in 
order to make sure that we shall dictate the terms of peace." (March 25, 1942, Chicago, Ill. 

National Resources Planning Board 

"Plans for demobilization must take precedence over longer range objectives because 
the ability to meet the immediate post-war situation wisely will determine whether we 
shall have the opportunity to pursue an orderly progress toward our long-range goal." 
(September 1942, pamphlet. Post-war Planning) 








3o - 2 


b 0 DISARMAMENT OF AGGRESSORS (cf c Sections 4c, 4e) 

Sumner Welles,, Under-Secretary of State 

”1 believe they (the American people) will require that the victorious nations, 
joined with the United States, undertake forthwith during the period of the armistice 
the disarmament of all nations, as set forth in the Atlantic Charter, which ‘may threater 
aggression outside of their frontiers. f " (May 30, 1942, Arlington, Va„) 


Co OCCUPATION OF ENE1!Y TERRITORY 


do REESTABLISHING GOVERNMENT IN ENH.fi OCCUPIED TERRITORY (cf. Section 7b) 

Franklin D 0 Roosevelt, President 

•‘Our own objectives are clear$ 0 .. the objective of liberating the subjugated nations 
(January 6, 1942, to Congress) 

Franklin Do Roosevelt« President 

"The people of the United States join with me in this greeting to the people of 
Yugoslavia* We are sure of their victory in the valiant struggle for the restoration of i 
their freedom.' 1 (March 27, 1942, Washington, D. C.) 

Franklin D« Roosevelt* President 

o.oour victory means the restoration of a free and independent France — and the 
saving of France from the slavery which would be imposed upon her by her external enemies 
and her internal traitors.» (April 28, 1942, Radio Address) 

Adolf Ao Eerie, Assistant Secretary of State 

?, ,ooWe will redeem the pledge of the Atlantic Charter that the nations submerged by 
Nazi cruelty shall be restored in freedom and strength." (March 25, 1942, New York) 

Cordell Hull, Secretary of State (quoting the New York Times) 

"There has been taken up fully and freely, he said, the question of the deep concern 
of this government for the French people in their distress and in their conquered situatia 
and the great desire of the United Statos to see the restoration of all of French popular 
institutions — that is, he explained, ill of those rights and benefits and blessings that 
the great French Republic once enjoyed. 1 (May 31, 1942, press conference statement) 

Cordell Hullo Secretary of State (quotiig the New York Times) 

"This government, he emphasized, h*3 in mind at all times the sovereignty of France 
and her people and what he described as its sacred preservation." (May 31, press conferen 

Harold L. Ickes t Secretary of the Interior 

"...the United Nations will restore freedom to France and to all of the other lands 
that are under the lash of the Axis." (July 14, 1942, New York) 











3« - 3 


Admiral Nilliam D. Leahy. Chief of Staff to the Commander-In-Chief 

"All over the world —- a world of absolute misery — conquered people are waiting 0 
If v/e Americans fail, the French, the Dutch, the Czechs, the Poles, the Greeks, the 
Norwegians, go down with us. Russia, China, Denmark, Holland, and Eelgium are waiting 
and fighting with us. We dare not be reckless with the fate of our own country — we 
dare not throw away the fate of the world." (August 9, 1942, on the Army-Navy Production 
Award broadcast) 

Sumner .belles, Under-Secretary of State 

"The French people may rest assured that the Government and people of the United 
States will continue to maintain unimpaired their full respect for the sovereign rights 
of the people of France. They may continue to be confident that by the victory of the 
United Nations those rights will be restored intact to them." (April 13, 1942, «tfashington, 
D. C.) 

Sumner ,.piles, Under-Secretary of State 


"Of one thing I am sure — when our common victory has been won,.. .Greece will regain 
her territorial integrity, and the achievement of her legitimate aspirations for security 
in the world of the future." (October 28, Washington, D. C.) 

Department of State 

The United States and Great Britain are in accord that Madagascar will, of course, 
be restored to France after the war or at any time the occupation of Madagascar is no 
longer essential to the common cause of the United Nations. (May 4, 1942, Madagascar 
Occupation) 


e c RELIEF AND RECONSTRUCTION 

Adolf A. Berle. Assistant Secretary of State 

"iVe are already pledged to supply initial relief and eventual reconstruction when 
arms are finally laid down and submerged nations are liberated." (February 20, 1942, 

Des Moines, Iowa) 

jCordell Hull, Secretary of State 

"i«ith victory achieved, our first concern must be for those whose sufferings have been 
almost beyond human endurance.... 

"During this period of transition, the United Nations mu3t continue to act in the 
spirit of cooperation which now underlies their war effort - to supplement and make more 
effective the action of countries individually in re-establishing public order, in pro¬ 
viding swift relief, in meeting the manifold problems of readjustment." (July 23, 1942, 
radio address) 

Wendali Lund. Director. Labor Production Division 

"..awe are going to produce, and produce, and produce, until we win. 

"Then we will face a job that may be greater yet — feeding and reconstructing a 
starved, and wrecked world. 









3 . - 4 


".»e wiU have to work hard to safeguard the rights and liberties embodied in the 
Four Freedoms, 

’’But we know it will be worthwhile, if we can build a world order that will safeguai 
U3 against the .rise of another Hitler* another Axis.” (August 6, 1942, Springfield, Mas 

Dr, Thomas Parran. Surgeon General 

"Even after the fight ceases, emergency health problems will remain. Starvation and 
epidemics will be widespread in many lands. Then the health forces of America will face 
their great test. 

"A strong helping hand must bring aid promptly to the exhausted peoples freed from j 
enemy control. A life must be built on tho scorched earth. In its reconstruction proce 
we, the doctors and nurses, will have a major role in laying a firm foundation of good 
health, of a just and lasting peace.” (May 13, 1942, Chicago, Ill.) 

Sumner helles, Under-Secretary of State 

"During the difficult transition period between the end of the war and the final con 
elusion of peace, there will be vital need for such an organization, Millions of the 
world’s peoples will be homeless; in Europe and in Asia transportation systems will be 
ruined, production facilities destroyed, farms laid waste, cities devastated; we shall a 
of us be confronted with the gigantic task of converting to peacetime uses whole industr: 
now producing munitions of war,” (June 17, 1942, Baltimore, lid.) 

Sumner welles, Under-Secretary of State 

"The setting-up, now, of efficient machinery to deal with such problems as relief an< 
rehabilitation, for example, which will accompany victory, cannot fail to strengthen the! 
resolve of all liberty-loving peoples, including those in areas now occupied by the eneirq 
to bring the conflict to the speediest possible conclusion; it cannot fail to make them 
realize that the sort of world for which we are striving i3 worth the sacrifices of war; 
is worth the cost of victory.” (October 8, 1942, Boston, Mass.) 

i 

Claude .Vickard, Secretary of Agriculture 

"But 1942 is only the starting point for demands on our food supply. These demands 
will not slack off when the war ends. The nearer we move toward victory the surer we 
must be that our facilities for producing and processing and distributing food are runnii 
at capacity. If we fail to feed hungry people in Europe and other parts of the world, m 
will create chaos after the war. Je can’t build the kind of world we are fighting for on 
the groundwork of starvationo" (September 24, 1942, National Association of Food Chains] 


f, TREATMENT OF TILE ENEMY 
Dean Acheson, Assistant Secretary of State 

"The President of the United States has made it clear that the liberation of the Ita: 
and other peoples from the military cliques which hold them in their clutches is one of 
the war aims of the United Nations 3 for the Italian people the Atlantic Charter furnish 
the pledge v/hich is essential to their restoration to a free and full life; the enjoymen 
with all states, great or small, victors or vanquished, of access on equal terms to the 
trade and r&w materials of the world." (June 2, 1942, Italian-American Rally Address) 












3o - 5 


Adolf A. Berle. Assistant Secretary of State 

“The Atlantic Charter made it plain that none desires to enslave, annihilate or destroy 
the German people.“ (Hay 10, 1942, New York) 

“..♦.It will be impossible in the post-war period to protect Germans who are in 
countries which they have savagely and brutally oppressed. The Germans who now sit in 
Holland, in Belgium and in Luxembourg are merely awaiting their own destruction. Safely 
for them must lie in flight, back to their own country. In the coming day of victory, 
it may not be easy for them to go back.” (J&y 10, 1942, New York) 

Adolf A. Berle. Assistant Secretary of State 

"Two years ago Wussolini and his contemptible associates handed over the Government of 
Italy to the Nazi police and the Nazi troops, and made themselves a puppet government of 
German quislings. This was a crime against Italy and against history. 

"I am convinced that the Italian people, now as always, do not support this terrible 
treason which has made them slaves. They await only the opportunity to settle accounts 
with the traitors who have sold them back into foreign slavery." (October 12, 1942, 

New York) 

Francis Biddle. Attorney General 

"...to those citizens of Italy across the sea in whom the love of freedom ha3 not died, 
I offer a brief message from America on this Columbus Day. The words are not mine; they 
are Italy’s — the words of Giuseppe llazzina in an address to the young men of his country, 
delivered at Lfilan in memory of the martyrs of Cosonza, July 25, 1848. I quotes 

" f Beyond the Alps, beyond the sea, are other peoples not fighting or prepar¬ 
ing to fight the holy fight of independence, of nationality, of liberty; other 
peoples striving by different routes to reach the same goal — improvement, asso¬ 
ciation, and the foundation of an authority which shall put an end to moral anarchy, 
an authority which mankind may love and obey without remorse or shame. Unite with 
them; they will unite with you. 1 " (October 12, 1942, New York) 

Joseph C. Grew, Former Ambassador to Japan 

"...we can hold out the hope of & liberated Japan. A population as great as that of the 
German Reich waits to be freed not only from its militarist masters, but from itself. The 
Japanese have great cultural assets with which they could continue to contribute to the 
happiness and civilization of mankind. But they have — particularly in recent years — 
been led along a road of militarism and overweening extremist ambition which have directed 
Japanese civilization into a blind alley of potential ruin. ,Je and our allies of the 
United Nations can free those people of Japan who yearn in secret merely to be allowed to 
pursue their normal beauty-loving lives, in peace, in their own homes, and in their own 
cultural surroundings. But we must realize that the captivity in which they are held is 
no mere temporary phenomenon of an occupying force or of a police control suddenly grown 
tyrannical: it is the despotism of tradition through the centuries — grown corrupt, 
savage, and untrue even to its own followers." (October 10, 1942, New York City) 

Harold Ickes. Secretary of the Interior 

",Ve are fighting for civilization, not only for ourselves, but also for the tragically 
misled German people." (July 14> 1942, New York) 







3,-6 




Frank Knox, ^Secretary of the Uavy 

"But it will not be enough merely to maintain our armaments after the war. We must 
see to it that we write a peace in which the things for which Hitler and Hi tier* s German; 
and the things for which the military caste in Japan stand, are utterly vanquished. The] 
can be no compromise, What they stand for is utterly evil and it must be destroyed , 

"This dees not mean, of course, that the war must go on until every German and every 
Japanese is killed or captured. But it does mean that the struggle must go on until evei 
person responsible for the introduction and perpetuation of these principles is destroyec 
and the system they established and represent has been smashed beyond repair... 

"And after we have done this, see to it that our nation never again is left without 
weapons in a world where he who would be free mu 3 t be strong. 

"But we haven't won that peace yet. In order to win this v/ar, men must bring to the 
achievement of that victory everything they have, and everything they are. Defeat is 
unthinkable." (September 19, 1942, Kansas City, ;io.) 

Wallace IlcClure, State Department 

"In World War II the United Nations, fighting for democracy, fight against inequality 
and propose to accord to their present enemies as well as to their friends some means for 
economic rehabilitation." (Ilay 15, 1942, Chapel Hill, N. C.) 

John L. Sullivan. Treasury Department 

"We will crush them (the enemies) so completely that they will never again dare to 
lift their hands against the free American people." (June 14, 1942, Chicago, Ill.) 

Sumner Welles» Under-Secretary of State 

"And I believe that (the American people) will demand that justice be done, inexorabl; 
and swiftly to those individuals, groups or peoples, as the case may be, that can truly 
be held accountable for the stupendous catastrophe into which they have plunged the human 
race. But I believe they will likewise wish to make certain that no element "in any natioi 
shall be forced to atone vicariously for crimes for which it is not responsible, and that 
no people shall be forced to look forward to endless years of want and of starvation." 
(May 30, 1942, Memorial Day) 

Carroll L. Wilson. Department of Commerce 

"Their (the Fascist) philosophy has to be exterminated by annihilating its believers,' 
(February 23, 1942, Chicago, Ill.) 


go 




PUNISILIBNT OF THuSb GUILTY OF ATROCITIES 


Franklin,D. Roosevelt, President 


"The practice of executing scores of innocent hostages in reprisal for isolated attad 
on Germans in countries temporarily under the Nazi heel revolts a world already inured to 
suffering and brutality,... 











3* - 7 


"These are the acts of desperate men who know in their hearts that they cannot win* 
Frightfulness can never bring peace to IOurope. It only sows the seeds of hatred which 
will one day bring fearful retribution." (October 25, 1941, Washington, D. C.) 

! Franklin D, Roosevelt. President 

"The American people not only sympathize with all victims of Nazi crimes, but will 
hold the perpetrators of these crimes to strict accountability in a day of reckoning which 
' will surely conie." (July 17, 1942, letter to American Jewish Congress) 

Franklin D. Roosevelt. President 

"The Secretary of State recently forwarded to me a communication signed by the Ambassa¬ 
dor of the Netherlands and the Ministers of Yugoslavia and Luxembourg on behalf of the 
governments of Belgium, Greece, Luxembourg, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Czechoslovakia, 
Yugoslavia and the French National Committee in London, calling attention to the barbaric 
crimes against civilian populations which are being committed in occupied countries particu¬ 
larly on the continent of Europe. 

"The United Nations are going to win this war. when victory has been achieved, it is 
the purpose of the Government of the United States, as I know it is the purpose of each of 
the United Nations, to make appropriate use of the information and evidence in respect to 
J these barbaric crimes of the invaders, in Europe and in Asia. It seems only fair that 
they should have this warning that the time will come when they shall have to stand in 
courts of law in the very countries which they are now oppressing and answer to their acts." 
(August 21, 1942, Washington, D. C.) 

Franklin D. ftoosevelt, President 

"On August twenty-first I said that this Government was constantly receiving informa¬ 
tion concerning the barbaric crimes being committed by the enemy against civilian popula¬ 
tions in occupied countries, particularly on the continent of Europe. I said it was the 
purpose of this Government, as I knew it to be the purpose of the other United Nations, to 
see that when victory is won the perpetrators of these crimes shall answer for them before 
courts of law. 

"The commission of these crimes continues. 

"I now declare it to be the intention of this Government that the successful close of 
the war shall include provision for the surrender to the United Nations of war criminals, 

"With a view to establishing responsibility of the guilty individuals through the 
collection and assessment of all available evidence, thi* Government i3 prepared to cooperate 
with the British and other Governments in establishing a United Nations Commission for the 
Investigation of Jar Crimes. 

"The number of persons eventually found guilty will undoubtedly be extremely small 
compared to the total enemy populations. It is not the intention of this Government or of 
the Governments associated with us to resort to mass reprisals. It is our intention that 
just and sure punishment shall be meted out to the ringleaders responsible for the organized 
murder of thousands of innocent persons and the commission of atrocities which have violated 
every tenet of the Christian faith." (October 7, 1942, Washington, D. C.) 






Franklin D, Roosevelt, President 


’•The United nations have decided to establish the identity of those Nazi leaders who 
are responsible for the innumerable acts of savagery,, As each of these criminal deeds i 
committed, it is being carefully investigated! and the evidence is being relentlessly pi 
up for the future purposes of justice, 

'Ue have made it entirely clear that the United nations seek no mass reprisals again 
the populations of Germany or Italy or Japan, But the ring leaders and their brutal hen 
men must be named, and apprehended, and tried in accordance with the judicial processes 
criminal law. ,} (October 12, 1942, Radio Address) 

Adolf A, Eerie, Assistant Secretary of State 

"Let it be determined that the men who are responsible for these horrors (in Greece) 
shall meet at long last the justice and the judgment they have deserved at the hands of 
the free peoples„ n (March 25, 1942, New York) 


h, PROBLEM OF SEPARATIONS 







4, 


1 


4, PREVENTION OF FUTURE AGGRESSION 
a. GENERAL STATEMENTS 


Franklin D. Kooseve.lt, President 

"We will not only defend ourselves to -he uttermost hut make it very certain that 
this form of treachery shall never again endanger us." (December 8, 1941, Declaration 
of War on Japan) 


t b. ROLE AfclJ USE OF FORCE IN INTERNATIONAL LIFE 
dolf A. Eerie, Assistant Secretary of 3t< te 


"No student of aviation fails to point out that we are only beginning to learn what 
air power can do. On the drafting boards of the aviation designers there are already 
plans which make present air warfare and air transport lock as obsolete as a sailing 
ship looks alongside an ocean liner. 

"Both in this war and after it, our foreign policy must take account o* that fact. 

It changes our whole point of view. In the last war, and in the present war, the German 
explosion of conquest was met by barriers-** the British and French lsnd armies, and the 
sea, held by the British and American Navies. These barriers borrowed time for us — 
time to produce munitions, to organise armies and air force, and to meet our better 
prepared enemies on even terms. But the future does not offer to lend us time. It puts 
us in a permanent front-line." (October 15, 1942, Birmingham, Ala.) 


C o ri-sU, 

"It is... clear that, in the rroef.s of re-establishing international order, the 
- United Nations must exercise surveillnce over aggressor nations until such time as the 
latter demonstrate their willingness aid ability to live at peace with other nations* 

How long such surveillance ’'ill need to continue must depend upon the rapidity with 
which the peoples of Germany, Japan, Italy and their satellites give convincing proof 
that they have repudiated and abandoned the monstrous philosophy o^ superior race and 
conouest by force, and have embraced loyally the basic principles of peaceful processes. 
During the formative period of the wo;id organisation, interruption by these aggressors 
must be rendered impossible." (July 3, 1942, Radio Address) 

/ 

S umner Welles. Uader-3ecretex.V-_o .f_At> te 

"I believe they (the American pr« ole) will insist that the United Nations undertake 
the maintenance of an international police power in the years pfter the war to insure 
freedom from fear to peace-loving po nies until there is established that permanent 
system of general security promised j y the Atlantic Chartero" (May 30, 1942, Arlington, v a„) 


c. CONTROL OF ARMAMENTS (cf. Actions 3b, 4e) 
J ames V. Forrestal. UndexrSecr etary_ >f , the,__Na.yy 


"While I question the wisdom of present discussions dealing with world reconstruction 
after the war because it seems to it * they are based upon unwarranted assumptions, I should 
like to charge you with the task o seeing to it that never again shall this Nation be 











4. - 2 


permitted to discard its arms and to rely upon protocols of good faith and general 
statements of good will*" (September 20, 1943, Princeton University) 

Cordell Hull. Secretary of State 

“There must be international cooperative action to set up the mechanisms which can 
thus insure peace. This must include eventual adjustment of national armaments in such 
a manner that the rule of law cannot be successfully challenged and that the burden of 
armaments may be reduced to a minimum.” (July 315, 1942, Radio Address) 

Frank Knox. Secretary of the Navy 

I 

"... our problems will not be over when a united nation has won her victory. Then j 
will come the real test — the test of using that victory to build a more stable and 
more peaceful world... 

“In all of your (the American legion’s) years of support of an adequate military 
preparedness, you have ever been against war itself, clearly recognizing that an adequatj 
preparedness for war is the best possible guarantee against wer... 

“But it will not be enough merely to maintain our armaments after the war. We must 
see to it that we write a. peace in which the things for which Hitler and Hitler’s German; 
and the things for which the military caste in Japan stand, are utterly vanquished.” 
(September 19, 1942, Kansas City, Missouri) 

Fr-fcnjL^P^^le cretar/ of the Nav y I 

“And with victory, in Cod’s good time, what o v the Navy? The lessons of history and 
the facts of tomorrow are unmistakable... 

“With victory the United Nations will control all the oceans and most of the seas of' 
the world, as well as the greater pert of the world’s strategic materials. This control: 
should enable us to give effective support to the efforts of European nations to preserve 
transoceanic peace. 'Je could not, however, continue to exercise such control without 
continuing to maintain predominant navies." (October 27, 1942, New York) 


d. CONTROL OF STRATEGIC AREAS 


e. THE FUTURE OF AGGRESSOR STATES (cf. Sections 3b, 4c) 

Jg.mg-8--Y-y .Forr e stal. Under-Secretary nf the . !rw 

”1 pray that you, the makers of the future, will see to it that In the future at alii 
times we have the means, whenever the hand of aggression is raised against us, to sever 
that hand before it has a chance to strike.” (September 20, 1942, Princeton University) 

Rob_ert_ Jackson. Associ a te Justice. Supreme Cour t. 

”Je must show that we are bold enough to conceive and execute practical plans for 
dealing with future international lawless aggressions. The history of the evolution of I 
legal institutions gives us no warrant for the timidity which has heretofore arrested 
our efforts to place international conduct under legal restraints.”-(September 2 1942 

Washington, E.C.) * I 











Ernest J, King. Commander in Chief. U, S. Fle et 

"But victory will bring not only the preservation of our own freedom end the resto¬ 
ration of the lost liberties of uncounted millions, but also the firm confidence that 
when we have won this war, we Americans, \mder the leadership of the President„ will 
take ste-ns to see to it that the ability of any verson or of any people to enslave 
others, physically or mentally or spiritually, shall be forever destroyed.." (June 19, 
1942, Annapolis, lid.) 

' gunner Vfel l es,.Ade^ ^cre;^ 

"The pate rials of war must be denied to any future Hitler. 

"The access to raw materials of which the Charter speaks is access for the purposes 
I of peace« For tha.t purpose it matters little in whose territory particular resources 
are found, Access means the right to buy in peaceful trade, and it exists whenever that 
right is effective and secure," (October 8 S 1942, Boston, Mass.) 




i 





















5o ASSURANCE OF PROSPERITY 


5. - 1 


a. GENERAL STATEMENTS ON ECONOMIC RELATXONSHII J S (cf. Sections 5e, 5f) 

”Open trade end life-giving commerce cannot exist unless you have a financial system 
so arranged that the goods can move, and do; and so handled that business can be done, 

and is*.. 

”1 do not see that the task if impossible. We have the resources. If it is desired 
to use gold as a financial base, as many people do, we have at our commend by far the 
greatest share of the world’s gold. Whet is more important, v/e have the production and 
the goods available to back up our finance* We shall be in a position to make and de¬ 
liver almost anything which is required to give to our neighbor countries a new start in 
international economic life. At the very time this is moat needed, v/e shall want to keep 
our plants busy, our people employed, and to provide jobs for the returning soldiers * 

With ordinary intelligence, we should be able to assist the general situation, to every¬ 
one’s advantage*” (October 15, 1942, Birmingham, Ala.) 

” *.. a good many observers, both practical bankers and students, have been advancing 
the idea that we could profitably extend some of the principles of reserve banking to the 
international field. Certainly, experience suggests that this is a logical line of 
development*” (October 15, 1942, Birmingham, Ala.) 

”1 have stressed the possibility of creating a system of international finance, because 
that is likely to be the first problem which arises. It is not the only problem; and not 
at all the most dramatic and most appealing. It is one step which we can consider seriouc- 
ly, because we already know the technique* If we solve that question, we shall have a tool 
in our hands with which we may be able to attack other and still greater problems.” 

(October 15, 1942, Birmingham, Ala.) 

Wayne ChatfieI d -Taylor. Under-Secretary of Commerce 

rt Our pest economic nationalism has blinded us to the stake v/e have always had in dis-. 
tant regions. The American people not improbably may emerge from this war resolved to 
make the world safe for America in a realistic way for a long time to come. To be realis¬ 
tic, we shell fully accept our responsibilities as a world power. As such, we must follow 
the lines of international policy set forth in the Atlantic Charter to achieve a broad and 
generous basis for extending the benefits of our scientific and industrial progress to ell 
peoples.” (April 24, 1942, Lexington©- Fa*) 

Wayne 

“The broad controls which will implement basic policies will be administered by govern¬ 
ments in agreement with the governments of other friendly and similar minded nations* 

This does not mean regimentation, it does not mepn that individual initiative and the 
profit motive will be discouraged, but it does mean that the avenues for these activities 
will be more clearly defined. It does mean that inventions, especially those which promote 
health, will be available to all people instead of to select groups. It does mean that no 
private group of international industrialists or financiers, no matter how strong, will be 
able to take action which is fundamentally opposed to the national interest of any one 
country or any group of nations which have established common interests and common prin¬ 
ciples*” (May 18, 1942, New York) 





5 


We nae _ Cha tf le ld-Tf y lo r,.,,. Und£r rllcjll^ti^_^^ 

"Commerce... oust look ahead to meet the problems of reconstruction, it must rler; to] 
supply the released, peoples, it must, prepare to go on with the development of our own Ian 
it must think out the relationship of our industries rnd our resources to those o: other! 
friendly nations. It roust plan how to fill the needs of all peoples which have been held 
back by the demands of war. It must plan to convert quickly to peacetime production when 
the planes and tanks have fulfilled their missions* It must determine in advance which I 
products to stimulate, which to retard, and above all it must plan to give full ecmloyuen 
to the millions of men who are serving in our armed forces o’* (June 18, 1942, Dallas, ey 

Joseph C. Grew. Former Ambassador to Japan 

"Our Chinese allies, who have held tenaciously to their own humane culture, are goind 
to have to depend on us for technical and industrial assistance in various fields which | 
they have not yet developed." (October 10, 1942, New York, N.Y.) 

Harry C. Hawkins. State Department 

i 

"The economic peace aims are, broadly stated, to bring about the reduction of trade 1 
barriers and the removal of discriminations, and the adoption of other suitable measures! 
for bringing about expanding production, expanding trade, expanding consumption and full! 
employment,, throughout the world; in brief, to create an expanding world economy,," 
(October 9, 1942, Boston, Mass.) 

"We must think of Britain less as a. competitor and keep an eye on Britain as e custom 
and bear always in mind that a prosperous Britain, able to import from the rest of the wo 
is a maker of other customers for us. Britain must regard us in the same way and each of 
must look at all other countries in this light. We must recognize the fact that where pu 
chasing power exists trade will thrive, as shown by the trade between highly-developed 
industrial countries; a trade which is possible because of the relatively high buying pow 
of industrial areas and the fact that the tremendous range of types, styles, and qualitie 
of industrial products permits an interchange of products without the direct head-on kind 
of competition which characterizes that between virtually interchangeable staple products 
of different origin. We should always bear in mind the fact that if we can get a big 
enough world market, and purchasing power is the key to this, neither we nor Britain norl 
anyone else will have much to worry about." (October 9, 1942, Boston, Mass.) 


Hull pointed out that "The United Nations have already resolved that once victory is 
achieved the economic relations among nations will be based on the principles and objec-l 
tives which have been tirelessly advocated by our Government on all appropriate occasions 
in recent years&— principles and objectives which "have been affirmed and incorporated in 
the declaration of August 14, 1941, knovm as the Atlantic Charter." (May 17-23, 1942 , 
statement in connection with the celebration of National Foreign Trade Week) 

C.QJQig^ 

"Building for the future in the economic sphere thus means that each nation must give 
substance anu reality to programs of social and economic progress by augmenting production 
and using the greater output for the increase of general welfare; but not permitting it t 
be diverted or checked by special interests, private or public." (July 23, 1942, Hadio 
Address) 







-Qf State 



"Squally plain i3 the need for making national currencies once more freely exchange¬ 
able for each other at stable rates of exchange? for a system of financial relations so 
devised that materials cpn be produced pnd ways may be found of moving them where there 
ere markets created by human need; for machinery through which capital may— for the 
development of the world's resources and for the stabilization of economic activity- 
move on equitable terms from financially stronger to financially weaker countries. 

There may be need for some special trade arrangement and for international agreements to 
handle difficult surplus problems and to meet situations in special areas." (July 23, 
1942, ‘Radio Address) 

Robert H. Jackson. Associate Jus tic e. Supreme Court 

"Constructive thought in all influential and official levels of the United. Rations 
must be built on the basic reality that the question is no longer whether the world will 
witness a 'new order 8 „ but whose ! now order' it will be. Shattered economic systems, un¬ 
settled relationships between nations and between groups P and obsolete forms, cannot be 
put together again to make the same old humpty-dumpty. And this wise men will accept, 
not in the spirit of disaster but as an opportunity for reconstruction on more just and 
rational lines." (September 2, 1942, Washington, D.C.) 

Warren Laft-Pie,£8.Q.nPrp9 Mes.t^.:4y;.or.^mQrl_Bapk, r o f_ ^AingjOR 

"X believe that this war will be followed by an unprecedented effort to open the 
routes of commerce and bring to evnry nation the benefits of trade. Sick of poverty and 
blood, the peoples of the world will everywhere demand it. Will v/e spurn this demand and 
let the tremendous plant expansion of these war years go to rustt I for' one do not be¬ 
lieve it. Just how we will do it? no one can yet say but X am confident that some method, 
some way will be found to bring together these great elements of demand and supply. 

"Like all of us, you are busy now with the problems of the war. ... But through it 
all, it is my hope that you will find a way to keep your organizations together, to pre¬ 
serve that body of knowledge and tvose relations overseas which only you men have and 
without which we would be pitifully handicapped in the great days to come." (October 7, 
1942, Boston, Mass.) 

"The Bxport-Import Bank considers it a privilege to help you in this problem of main¬ 
taining the essentials of our foreign trade. As you know, our rule here as elsewhere is 
never to supplant but only to supplement the work of private enterprise— to assume the 
unusual risk or smooth the way, if wcan, through the multitudinous regulations of our 
war-time economy. 

"Upon numerous occasions in the •■■a wo hav© undertaken financing which has been de¬ 
signed to permit the exporters of the bitted States to meet the cut-throat competition 
of the totalitarian states. Many of y< i can testify that we have had some success. 

"... we are seeking to assist you ti keep alive your organizations and your contacts 
with the exporters and the importers of < ther lands, so that you will be better equipped, 
when peace has come, to carry out your t rt in building a better world for all of us." 
(October 7, 1942, Boston, Mass.) 

Henry A. Wallace. Vice-President 

"The foundations of democracy can be .mdered safe only when people everywhere have 
an opportunity to work end buy and sell wKh a reasonable assurance that they will be 
able to enjoy the fruits of their work." (January, 1942, Article in the Atlantic 
Monthly ) 












Henry ■*« Wallace, Vice-President 


“We know now that the modern world mast he 
unit— end that wise arrangements must be made 
ery, 1942, article in the 


recognized for what it is-- an economic 
so that trade will he encouraged." (JanuH 


M If we get the right kind of peace, we are sure to see the whole world within a few 
years operating on a much higher level of production than ever before and this would of 
course mean a greater world market for raw materials(January, 1942, Article in the 
Atlantic Monthly ) 


“Probably the English-speaking peoples of the world will have to take the lead in 
underwriting world prosperity for a generation to come* They must begin now to prove by 
their actions that they are as interested in winning the peace as they are in winning the 
var 0 “ (January, 1942, Article in the Atlantic Monthly ) 

aejlm Wallace, vice-president p 

“And modern science must be released from German slavery. International cartels that! 
serve American greed end the German will to power must go. Cartels in the peace to come I 
must be subjected to international control for the common man,, as well as being under 
adequate control by the respective home governments. In this wpy f we can prevent the 
Germans from again building a war machine while we sleep. With international monopoly 
pools under control, it will be possible for inventions to serve all the people instead 
of only the few»“ (May 8 P 1942, New York, N.Y.) 

Henry a. Wallace. Vice-President 

“To give us rubber security in the future, it will not be necessary, year in and year 
out, to produce ell of our supply synthetically. For future national rubber security’ it 
will be sufficient if we have plant facilities and technical knowledge for the production 
of synthetic rubber which we can quickly mobilize in case of sudden need, meanwhile push¬ 
ing ahead with research that will k^ep improving the quality and reducing the cost. 

“But security also depends on having friendly neighbors. Our present -peril, for ex¬ 
ample, would be increased many fold if Canada or Mexico were not allies but enemies. 

In that event we should face the imminent prospect of a German or Japanese army in¬ 
vading us from the north or south. How much better it is to have Mexico and the countries 
of Central and South America as good friends—not only for our own security but theirs as 
well. 

“These countries produce natural rubber and are going ahead with plans which within a 
few years will place them on an efficient rubber production basis. Regardless of whether 
our old Far Eastern source of rubber becomes available ag* in, we can look to a good suoplj 
of cheap natural rubber near at hand. A tariff wall to protect an «infant* synthetic 
rubber industry in this country would nor, only force our consumers to pay higher costs 
but would be a severe blow to these countries and their faith in friendship.” (Letter to 
? r - *• Pressman, of the Office of the. Coordinator of In ter-American Affairs, at the 

invitation of the Lew York Rai . l^ L. NewQ , ani printed in that paper, October 7, 1942, p 0 39) 

H&SIX. A ■IlgB=£resA.d.en l t 


“I believe it to be the -privilege aid duty of the -people of the United States to he* 
the people to the oouth of us and the People to the West of us across the Pacific to im¬ 
prove their soil; therefore to increase their food supply and the quality of human livin, 

I** thiS k i nd of ^ elp wilj be needed to increase food production and thereby 
add to the endurance of our fighting orces. When the war cones to an end I believe this 










help on the pert of the United States can. be furnished at a. very small cost, as compared 
to the returns in human happiness to all concerned.. «... 

“I believe we in the United States can, during the next ton years, if Congress and the 
people fully understand the opportunity, do twice ns much in the way of soil building as 
we have during the past ten years* I trust that all that we have learned and all that 
we will learn will bo made fully and freely available to our neighbors to the South and to 
our neighbors across the racifico" (October 17, 1942, Louisville, Kentucky) 



■LlferJa 


“The problem which will confront us when the years of the post-war neriod are reached 
is not primarily one of production* For the world can readily produce what mankind require 
The problem is rather one of distribution and purchasing power; of providing the mechanism 
whereby what the world produces may be fairly distributed among the nations of the world; 
and of providing the means whereby the ueople of the world may obtain the world’s goods and 
services* Your Government has already taken steps to obtain the support and active co¬ 
operation of others of the United Nations in this great task; a task v/hich in ever:/ sense 
of the term is a new frontier — a frontier of limitless expanse — the frontier of human 
welfare* 11 (May 30, 1942, Arlington, V Pc ) 

Leslie A* Wheeler. Departmen t o f Agricu l ture 

"To resume exporting after the war, we must also resume importing..* Otherwise foreign 
markets would not be able to secure sufficient dollar exchange with which to purchase our 
surpluses* The foreign goods which must be imported may include "European manufactures, 
complementary agricultural products from Latin America, raw materials, and exotic products 
of all sorts**.. 

To ease the shock to American farmers from the post-war reconstruction of world agri¬ 
culture, the objective is to "help European agriculture to produce more of the things it 
can produce to better advantage, end that the people of central i'urope need, and to resume 
imports of wheat, feed grain, and other staple products from the exporting countries*" ... 

"There will be e severe food shortage in Durope when the war is over, and plans are 
being formulated to preveiit large scale starvation through the established agencies for 
speedy distribution of food* Special attention is being devoted to securing orderly post¬ 
war marketing of accumulated surpluses of wheat, cotton, coffee, tobacco, and other 
products by means of international agreements aimed at equitable distribution of the world 
market among the various exporting nations*” (February 4, 1942, Report to the Secretary of 
Agriculture) 



"Hungry people all over the world will look to us for help when the war is over* The 
more food reserves wa have on hand, the greater voice we will have in writing a just peace* 
(May 21, 1942, New York, II.Y*) 

Claude R* Pickard. Secretary of Agriculture 

"American farmers should receive r»arity for whatever is sold in ordinary commercial 
channels in this country* X think all of you are in agreement on this* Rut we cannot 
escape the fact that whatever is sold in the world market must be sold at world nrices* 
Therefore, if we produce more than can be consumed in the domestic market and we wish to 
I place this surplus on the world market, v/e are likely to get less for It than we get for 
our goods sold at home* This situation has prevailed now for a good many years and pven 
if world trade revives to enormous proportions after the war, is likely to be true for 







some years to come. Consequently., producers either will receive less for their sales or. 
the world market or the difference must he made up to them by payments out of the Treasu. 

"It may be possible to lessen the difference between the domestic prices and the wor 
price by international agreements; effecting the great export commodities. 

’’Nations should realize that the struggle to give away goods is ruinous in the long 
run to all concerned. At this time few of us have more than a faint conception of the 
world trade situation after the war." (July Z t 19^2 3 College Station, Texas) 


Claud e _P_,_ Wickard. Secretary of Agriculture 


'’The Conference of Foreign Ministers at Hio de Janeiro recognized the problem, and 
established several guiding principles. They agreed: ’That, in so far as possible, the 
increase of production be assured by bi-lateral or multi-lateral agreements or contracts 
which provide for puchases during long periods at prices which are equitable for the con* 
sumer, remunerative to the producer and which provide a fair standard of wages for the 
workers of the Americas, in which producers are protected against competition from produc 
originating in areas wherein real wages are unduly low; and which make provision for the 
period of transition after the war, and the readjustments which will follow in a manner \ 
guaranteeing the continuance of adequate production and permitting the existence of trad^ 
under conditions equitable to producers*." (July 6 f 1942, Mexico, D.F,) 

it r 

In most cases acreage adjustment cannot be effective if it is unilateral. The agree 
ments made in the past among producers of coffee, sugar and other commodities suggest tin 
international agreements can bo negotiated whereby producers and consumers together may 
stabilize trade, regulating prices and adjusting production to consumption." (July 6, 
1942 8 Mexico, D.F,) 

"There is no serious contradiction between intensive war production and our desire td 
establish a sound post-war economy. Indeed, there would be little point to winning the 1 
war if we did not have positive plans and ambitions for the future. 7© are not so comply 
cent about our pre-war way of life as to look forward only to its restoration. Few peool 
of our nations would wish to fight for a return to unemployment, poverty and hunger." 
(July 6, 1942, Mexico, D.F.) 

"Beyond that there may be need for international agreements. I do not believe that 
the United Nations will conclude a peace which permits In world trade unregulated compe¬ 
tition, wildly fluctuating prices and periodic collapses. Bather, we may look t orward to 
equitable charing of markets, price stabilization and regulation of supplies. (July 6,1 
1942, Mexico, D.F.) ^ * I 


"Objectives such as these assume the existence of effective governmental controls. 

In negotiating international agreements, one problem is that the participating governmenj 
operate under different constitutions and grants of authority. Some may'have direct con^ 
trol of internal prices, others limited control, others none at all. There is no unifori 
mity in the degree to which governments may regulate Production and marketing, or under¬ 
take to provide economic assistance to groups of producers. 

"This problem is one which we can discuss Profitably. There is need for fuller 
exchange of information on the economic functions of our governments. Uniformity can 
probably not be achieved, since each government has a different internal situation. But! 
ways can be .ound to make such changes as are necessary for effective international co¬ 
operation. e in the United States recognize that there must he a larger degree of 
economic collaboration between nations after this war. 7e also realize that’some of our] 
ideas and programs will have to be revised to permit our participation in constructive 
international measures." (July 6, 1942, Mexico, D.F.) 









5 * 


' sLoha U. Win^nt, Ambass ador in London 


"The unity of purpose of our peoples in the oomon war effort will be carried over 
to help ub in the common social effort that must follow this war. You w/io suffered so 
deeply in the long depression years know that wo must move on a great social offensive 
if we are to win the war completely. Anti-Fascism is not a short term military Job. 
it was bred in poverty end unemployment. To crush Fascism at its roots we mus*- crush 
depression. We must solemnly resolve that in the future we will not tolerate the eco¬ 
nomic evils which breed poverty and ware" (June 6, 1942, Durham, England) 

"When war is done, the drive for tanks must become a drive for houses. The drive 
for food to prevent the enemy from starving us, must become a drive for food to satisfy 
the needs of all people in all countries. The drive for physical fitness in the forces 
must become a drive for bringing death and sickness rates in the whole population down 
to the lowest possible level. The drive for manpower in war must become a drive for 
employment to make freedom from want a living reality* The drive for an all-out war 
effort by the United Nations must become a drive for an all-out peace effort based on 
the same cooperation and willingness to sacrifice." (June 6, 1942, Durham, England) 

Alvin Ho, Hansen. National Resources Planning Board, 

Conclusions with respect to International Policy: 

"International collaboration to pursue internal policies designed to promote active 
employment; to explore developmental projects in backward countries: and to implement 
ways and means to open outlets for foreign investment, promote world trade and the effec¬ 
tive world-wide use of productive resources." (January,, 1942, Pamphlet) 


b. iH£UAL ACCESS TO a 4ATAPIAL3; REMOVAL OF TRADiJ BARRLSRS 
Adolf A. Berle, Assistant Secretary of Stat e 

"Since no country wants to be on either the giving or receiving end of an international 
breadline, this means economic arrangements which permit nations to get into production as 
rapidly as possible and put their resources to \vork. They literally must increase their 
resources by trade and commerce — for no other peaceful way has yet been devised. 

"For that reason, the trade routes and markets of the world have to be reopened.. The 
endless barriers, restrictions and hurdles by which- trade has been slowly strangled in the 
last twenty years will have to be removed. This rule goes for everyone, - including 
America. No country can expect to cut itself off from general commerce without harming 
its neighbors e great deal and itself most of all." (October 15, 1942, Birmingham, Ala.) 

Wayne Chatfield-Ta.vlor. Undersecretary of Commerc e 

"Concessions which turn over to private groups the exploitation of natural resources 
or the exclusive development of vital national functions such as transportation and com¬ 
munication, either will not be granted at all or will be so administered that the public 
interest is fully protected at all times. 

"If such concessions are granted to foreign groups, further safeguards will be imposed 
which will insure that most of the profits of such enterprises will be available for fur¬ 
ther development of the economic life of the nation which grants the concession." '(May 
18 8 1942, New York, li.Y.) 

"A national economy or an international economy must be based on full production, full 
employment, and maximum national income. This is another way of saying that restrictive 
concepts of finance or trade which stand in the way of full development will be brushed 
aside." (May 18, 1942, New York, N.Y.) 






Wayne Chptfield-'IWlor. Unde S ecret ary of Ooa.; ^erce 


"One crop countries, or one industry countries are a thin- of the oast. Certain 
localities, of course, have certain natural advantages, certain ropulations have certain 
specialised skills, but the people of all countries are entitled to the benefits of edu¬ 
cation, science, and invention., Modern transportation, especially air transportation,, 
and modern communication, especially radio communication have removed the last barriers 
to rapid exchange of individual or collective idea.So" (May 13, 1942, New York, iJ.Y«) 

Harry C, Hawkins. State Department 


"The development of resources through the creation of a new industry which can only 
survive within ths shelter of a towering tariff wall may only create r national and an 
international liability, not Alone because the barriers erected for its protection shut 
out the particular kind of goods produced by such industry, but because consumers are 
compelled to use inferior or high-cost goods, thus reducing their purchasing power for 
other goods* In general, the aim should be to create industries in undeveloped areas 
which are well-suited to those areas and can stand on their own feet.'’ (October 9, 
1942, Boston, Mass.) 


" • • • Excessive trade barriers of the many different kinds .must be reduced, and prac¬ 
tices which impose injuries on others and divert trade from its natural economic course 
must be avoided.” (July 23, 1942, Radio Address) 

Wallace .McClure. State Department 

"The people of this country no less than the peoples other countries must absorb 
into their very souls the realisation that we cannot pursue narrow economic nationalism, 
as we did when we enacted the tariffs that followed World War I, and at the same time 
lay the foundations of peace. c America must choose!* So must the United Nations." 

(May 15, 1942, Chapel Hill, N. C.) 

Lgp_ra,svol8ky fl . State Department 

"Nor can any group of nations... hope to attain in isolation nearly as high a level 
of well-being as it can when the economic interdependence of nations is translated into 
a world-wide system of peaceful and mutually beneficial exchange of goods and services, 
through which alone each nation can have as satisfactory an access as may be practicable 
to the resources of the entire world." (March 4, 1942, Delaware, Ohio) 

"Both theory and experience lead to the conclusion that international trade increases 
in its economic usefulness in proportion as the policies and arrangements under which it 
functions are such as to enable each nation, as nearly as may be practicable, to sell its 
surplus production and to obtain the surplus products of other nations wherever this can 
be done most advantageously. This does not and need not mean completely free trade, in 
the 36nse of a. total absence of trade regulation." (March 4, 1942, Delaware, Ohio)’ 

Henry A. Wallace. Vice-President 

"The people of all Europe should feel that there are available, in the United States, 
in Latin America, and in the British Dominions, tremendous quantities of raw materials 
which can be used for food, clothing, and shelter within a short time after the war comes 
to an end." (January, 1942, Article in the Atlantic Monthly) 







ffhomas il, Woodard, IT. 3. Maritime Commission 

”There has "been pn unequal world distribution of natural resources, as well ps 
domestic property. We hope that a just peace will temper this situation sad remove one 
of the great causes of war in the future** (Mprch 6 t 1942 t ^pverford, la.) 


c. LSKD-LiSASiS SYSTEM (I& POST-WAR) 

M&£L >\aai st, 

’’They (Lend-Lease Agreements) provide first that the steps to be agreed upon between 
us and our allies shall be opened to participation by all other countries of like mind. 
There ere to be no exclusive arrangements, no excluded peoples among those who wish to 
work with us to the common goal* This is the principle of the Atlantic Charter embodied 
in the agreements: that there shall be equal access to the trade of the world and to 
its raw materials for all nations large and small* victors or vanquished. At the base 
of the whole settlement is to be fairness and equality t the rejection of special privi¬ 
leges and vindictive exclueions» 

’’The second principle calls for united action by all nations, correlating for thi* 
purpose international and domestic measures to exrand production, employment, and the 
exchange and consumption of goods. ... 

’’The third principle is the elimination of discriminatory treatment in international 
commerce and the reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers*” (July 7, 1942, 
Charlottesville, Va.) 

Harry C. Hawkins. StPte Department 

”If we proceed on the idea that, in general, it is not in our interest to regard 
lend-lease transactions as ordinary commercial transactions to be settled for as such, 
the mutual-aid agreement becomes one whose purpose can be described in simple terns: it 
is intended to serve the dual purpose of bringing about the greatest possible cooperation 
in the prosecution of the war and in the laying of the foundations for an enduring peace. 
Such cooperation would constitute the most important benefit the American people could 
obtain in return for lend-lease aid.” (October 9„ 1942, Boston, Mass.) 

Sumner Welles, Under-Secretary, of JilEte 

’’Relief cannot go on forever, and the day must come as soon as possible when the dev¬ 
astated areas again are self-supporting. Thrt will require enormous shipments from abroad, 
both of capital goods and of the raw materials of industry. For these early reconstruc¬ 
tion shipments no immediate means of payment will be visible. That means large financing, 
must of it long-term. The United Nations must arrange that too. But finally comes pay¬ 
ment, both of whatever interest burden the loans carry, and for the current purchases of 
raw materials and other imports. I need not tell this audience that international pay¬ 
ments , on that scale, can be made only in goods and services. There is no other way. 
Access to raw materials comes in the end to access to the great buying markets of the 
world. Those who expect to export must take the world 8 a goods and services in payment.” 
(October 8 P 1942, Boston, Mess.) 









d. fRHKDOK OF THA SxiAS 


11 It is the Nazi design to abolish the freedom of the seas and to acquire absolute 
control and domination of those seas for themselves.., 

“... Generation after generation America has battled for the general policy of the 
freedom of the seas. And that policy is a very simple one— but a basic, a fundamental 
one* It means that no nation hps the right to make the broad o. sens of the world at 
great distances from the actual theatre of lend war unsafe for the commerce of others. 

That has been our policy, proved time and time again, in all our history» Our policy 
has applied from the earliest days of the republic and still applies, not merely to the 
Atlantic but to the Pacific and to all other oceans as well." (September 11, 1941, 
Broadcast) 

Fran?* hnor. Secretary of the Navy 

“Our safety and our prosperity in the world of the future lies in a stem insistence 
upon the principle of the freedom of the seas, the assurance of equal opportunity for 
world trade; and the proviso that sea power shall not be made the instrument of selfish 
aggression. 

“It is by no means sufficient that we tak<v those stens necessary to clear the sea 
lanes of the bandits which now infect them. e must do more than that. We oust do our 
full share, and more, to guarantee that they sh^ll be kept clear of pirates in the future. 
Our responsibility in this respect is very great. It must be proportionate to our enor¬ 
mous powers and resources, our geographical position, our ideals and our aspirations. 

If we are to be able to help re-establish a world ruled by laws, and not by men, we must 
provide both the major power and the dominant leadership. 

"You may raise your eyebrows in askance over' that last statement. You may say, '/hat 
business is it of ours to police the Seven Seas? Why should we provide both the leader¬ 
ship and the major force to insure- against mother world war? Uy answer is history-made. 
Twice we have learned from bitter experience that no matter how great our reluctance to 
participate, the world has now grown so small, so interrelated, so interdependent, that, * 
try as we will, we cannot escape." (October 1, 194'., Indianapolis, Ind.) 


i , :r.^h^^^.ecr.etapy r ,, gLJ&sJto. 

“With victory the United Nations will control iCl the oceans and most of the seas of 
the world, as well as the greater part of the world r strategic materials. This control 
should enable us to give effective support to the efforts of European nations to preserve 
transoceanic peace. We could not, however, continue to exercise such control without 
continuing to maintain predominant navies." (Oetob 27, 1942, hew York, N. Y.) 

“The United Nations will fulfill their pledge to establish a peace which among other 
terms will, in the words of the Atlantic Charter, ’envble all men to traverse the high 
seas and oceans without hindrance,* Then the high st; s and oceans will no longer be the 
perilous routes they are now, with lurking enemies asking to spread death and destruc¬ 
tion, but will become avenues of trade and travel alhng which the benefits from the 
accumulated knowledge, skill and social heritage of avery community will be spread over 
the world on a scale greater than we have ever 'xnowi in the past." (July 17, 1942, 
Address) 








5. 


11 


e, STANDARDS OF LIVING (cf. Sections 5a, 5f) 

B ta i xt^Attarney Genere 1 

*’••• The war is going to operate like a purge. Amending production is going to go 
in in all basic materials at once, and also in transportation. Surpluses will force 
their way into consumers 1 hands. The red blood of price competition-- the very life of 
capitalism— is going to flow freely again after the war. Remember that the period of 
greatest economic growth in America v/es the period of falling prices from the Civil War 
to 1900o Remember that Japan got its strength and its industrial production by cutting 
prices in every market in the world, and thus producing to its fullest capacity. With 
these things in mind, let us envisage a new industrial growth and millions of new jobs 
after the war through a capitalistic economy. And the liberals can ceese from troubling 
about academic Socialism, and the conservatives can be at rest about a managerial revo¬ 
lution just over the horison." (Way 30, 1942, Article, Sat. 3ve. Post ) 

Thurman Arnold. Assistant Attorney General (ouoting the New York Times ) 

** 8 1 »e© cheaper electricity, cheaper transportation, cheaper housing and cheeper 
living after the war,’ he said. n .te will make our capitalistic system so efficient that 
ell of us will get more of the good things of life. 

tt a In making the capitalistic system sufficiently successful to win the wexv thisr 
country will make it a system where the consumer dollar is worth more and where a farmer 
can get more for his products,’ he added. "There will be a new age of light metals and 
plastics. The Fat will be boiled off. Patent bottlenecks will be broken, '’’he capital¬ 
istic system is the only system which can adeouately distribute these goods.” (June 5, 
1942, New York, H.Y.) 

Javld_Gin£Duyg L Oe?ier.gA..CQun.©el n _Off.jLg.e. Q.Pxlce, Ad^nJ^straMon 

"What will be the place of retailing after this war? 

"Nothing is certain enough to count on very confidently, but I like to think that 
some of the things we are learning so painfully are going to have some enduring value. 

"What I have in mind is that a lot of luxury gadgets and non-essential nonsense will 
have been squeezed out of our system of distribution, and that we may decide that some 
part of this was excess baggage which we’ll be better off without. A great deal of it 
will come back— that goes without saying. The American people wants luxury gadgets and 
it wants a certain amount of non-essential nonsense, and it will get them when it can. 

But it seems likely that there will be a shift in the center of gravity of the market — 
that incomes over $4,000 will be doing lens of the spending and incomes under $4,000 will 
be doing more. Competing for the massed dollars in the moderate-income scales will be 
many new products, using new materials which the war has brought into unprecedented 
quantity production — aluminum, magnesium* plastics. My hope is that common sense 
models and streamlined, low-cost distribution may serve to bring these products within 
reach of the moderate-income groups." (October 26', 1942, Wheeling, W. Va.) 

Pierrepont Moffat. American Minister to Of : .ada 

"... when victory has been won, the function of foreign trade will be to liberate 
the constructive forces in the world, to neble the standards of living to rise-, pnd to 
give new interests, new hope and new confidence to those who are discouraged." (July 
16, 1942, Edmonton, Alberta) 









5. 


12 




Donald M. Nelson, Chairman. War rjrgductl^i),Bo^rA 

“There will come a day when this stupendous production of military goods is no 
longer necessary... 

‘What happens then? 

“The answer to that question is up to us... 

“You can conjure up a nightmare for yourself if you choose, of course... You can 
grow despondent thinking about the terrible slump; that will bring our economy down about j 
our ears 8fter the war. 

“But I do not for a minute believe thpt anything of the kind will harpen... 

“We are not fighting a purely defensive war. We are fighting for something. For a 
generation we have been living on the edge of a new world; we are only now beginning to 
realize it. 

“For the first time in the history of the human race there can be enough of every¬ 
thing to go around. Poverty is not Inevitable any more. The sum total of the world's 
greatest possible output of goods, divided by the sum total of the world’s inhabitants, 
no longer means a little less than enough for everybody. It means more than enough. 

The possibilities in that simple statement are beyond calculation— end what we are fight¬ 
ing for is the right to turn some of those possibilities into realities. u (June 9, 1942, j 
Columbia, Missouri) 

Milo Perkins. Board of Economic Warfare 

‘Full blest production for a gradually rising standard of living will be 83 necessary 
to win the peace as all-out production now is to win the war. It will be physically pos¬ 
sible. Our number one postwar job will be to make it fiscally possible. If we can do 
that, private enterprise will enter upon an era of unparcllelled activity.“ (May 25, 

1942, Swerthmore, Pa.) . 

JiMg.x^2£&7$ tory... ,p 

“There is no limit, then, to the material prosperity which is within the reach of the 
United States, and of mankind. The great thing that has happened in our time is that 
mankind at long last has taught itself enough of the means end technique of production, 
of transport, and of scientific agriculture so that it is technically possible to produce 
and to distribute on this planet the basic physical necessities of health and decent 
living for all of the world’s people. What remains, and it is a great and formidable 
task, is so to remake our relations with each other, in loyal and cooperative effort, 
that the great productive forces which are within our sight may function freely for the 
benefit of all." (October 8, 1942, Boston, Mass.) 

Claude P. Wjckard. Secretary of Agriculture 

“Starting right now, we must make ur> our minds that from here on nothing will keep us 
from making certain that both young and old get enough of the right food. This philosophy 
of plenty is part of the new world we are fighting to build." (May 21, 1942, New York, N.' 

Claude B. Wickard. .Secretary of Agriculture 

“We must keep our wartime economy strong and stable, because we have got to have it 
ready to function full tilt in the years after the war producing more things than were 
ever produced before for civilians to eat, vrear and enjoy. That is what this war of the , 
common people is about— a better chance to live decently for the rank and file of all 
the earth. That is our war aim; to help it become a reality we must strengthen, not 
weaken our own economy in the war years." (June 17, 1942, Washington, D.C.) 








Cleude R. Wlckcrd. .Secretary. of Agricpiture 


•‘The war now compels us to produce more of the very things our people most need* 
After the war our task will be, not to adjust r>roduction downward, hut to find ways of 
distributing our maximum production to our people* Vfell-planned introduction of new 
crops to our hemisphere will give us more purchasing power, higher living standards and 
a better basis for reciprocal trade*’ 1 (July 6, 1942, Mexico, D*F*) 


f. DOMESTIC jSCOUOMIC rFOGKAMS; FR£2 BKTSFPIUS^; LABOR; HOUSING- 

(cf. Sections 5a, 5e) 

Franklin D* Roosevelt. President 

’’The rights of freedom of ownership would mean nothing without freedom of speech* 

And the rights of free labor as we know them today could not survive without the rights 
of free enterprise-— and we know that a free lpbor system is the very foundation of a 
functioning democracy.. We know that one of the first acts of the Axis dictatorships 
has been to wipe out all the principles and standards which labor has been able to es¬ 
tablish for its own preservation and advancement* Trade unionism is a forbidden phil¬ 
osophy under these rule~or~run dictators* For trade unionism demands full freedom of 
expression and peaceful assembly* Trade unionism has helped to give to everyone who 
toils the position of dignity which is his due*” (September 1, 1S41, Labor Day Speech) 

£rWi'rea ItenX 

'‘A system of free enterprise is more effective than an "order' 1 of concentration camps 
* * * The vitality, strength/and adaptability of a social order built on freedom and Indi¬ 
vidual responsibility win again triumph* ... 

”Paying 2*5 billion dollars out of an extremely low national income would impose an 
excessive burden on taxpayers while the same payment out of a 100-billion-dollar national 
income, after reduction cf prmament expenditures, may still permit substantial tax re¬ 
ductions in the post-war period* ... 

“Cur capacity to carry a large debt in a post-war period without undue hardship de¬ 
fends mainly on our ability to maintain a high level of employment and income. 

“I am confident that by prompt action we shall control the price development now and 
that we shall prevent the recurrence of a deep depression in the post-war period* M 
(January 7, 1942, Budget Message) 

Franklin-P. Foo?ievel^,Jre.s_ldeiit 

“W e do not intend after this war to present the same disastrous situation — bad years 
after the last war, when Americans were losing their hones and their farms and their 
savings and were looking in vain for jobs — to those brave men who today are fighting our 
hpHles in nil wrts of the world." (A-rll ??, 1943. Ueasrpe to fon^ress) 

Thurman Arnold. Assistant Attorney frenerrl 

7 “If the patent bottlenecks are broken and knov^ledge and skill are disseminated, new 
organizations will arise and be in a position to connate with each other after the war.** 
That competition will come into being if the American people are convinced it is desirable 
rnd do not again tolerate combinations, either by private groups or governments, to shut 
our new production down in order to stabilize the market after the war.” (April 17, 

1942, Washington, D.C*) 








5 . - 14 


Tfaarag a Arno Id«, y*a 31 s tan t Attorney Gen s rr i 

"Success in war today among nations of approximately €qua 1 strength depends upon moral 
Morale ia turn depends unon a "burning faith in the institution for which we are fighting* 
tie must fight for our own system* not simply against Germany and Japan. In order to fight 
tor it p we must belie\ r e in itc We must believe that e free capitalistic economy not only 
insures freedom of thought and action but also ie the most efficient way of producing and 
distributing the wealth of the nations for the good of all." (May 30, 1942* Article* 


"The competitive system will not die because of the war. It will be reborn* provided 
that during the war we believe in it enough to prevent private groups from again seizing 
the power to shut down the new production that the war is creating,/. The full production 
of the war will destroy monopoly control and set up undreamed-opportunities for independenl 
initiativeo It wi11 sweep aside the restrictions which have been stifling our energy and 
initiative for the past twenty years* ending with an unused industrial plant, an unbalanced 
exchange between agricultural products and the products of industry* and a.n irreducible 
minimum of 9 0 OOC,OOO unemployed,. After the war, that unrestricted production of new wealth 
will create opportunities for new enterprise, large and small* undreamed-of in the years of 
our depression." (May 30, 1942, Article, Set. Po a^ 

" We need no ^ worry about the social reforms which may or may not be necessary in the 
postwar period. We need not worry about Government planning. Je can safely wait until 
that period comes to determine what reforms are required. We need only concern ourselves 
with preserving the tradition of the free enterprise which is the essence of the industrial 
democracy we are fighting for. If we regain our faith in that industrial democracy we can 

™ War P° 8itiv *^ for our system* instead of negatively against our enemies." (May 

30 1> 1S42, Article* Sat. £ve. Post ) 


.^..rpold E __Aasi 9 1an t Attorney General 

t . ''^ e ™ i = t0 ° “ ch economic pessimism left In our load today... Sv.rywhere you hear 

h ^ re9 ! “ “ hl ‘ t i8 ® u PI )oeed to be coming beceuse of the vest increese of pro- 
wppoxty which the war is bringing about... The trouble with this sort of talk is 
two.old. In the first place it destroys that fundamental confidence in our wav of life — 
.a our beslc Institutions... In the second place the fear of a depression caused by our 
productive capacity is dividing grouo against group today, because each 

! ^ u “ 8t * eife enou « h economic power to protect itself against the decree- 

Sion that ia to come... .that we need is a new vision which removes this psychological 
handicap to tne moral© necessary for full production... 

||Today the unlimited possibilities of the light metals and chemicals age lie before us, 

„ s wer 18 ^ oin ^ t0 Qpke the capitalistic system work* because it will 

revive it with the new blood of full production. There is only one danger — that the new 


cartels with power to restrict their supply 


light metals will again fall into the hands 
and make them high cost specialties.,. 

V,,. "I ^« liBve in ^‘8 cacltallRtlo system— not only as a guarantee of individual freedom 
e h leleiit wp y of Production. It is the system we are fighting for against 
the totalitarian ideals of our enemies." Our neonle must be convinced HhattheinsUtu 
tions of competitive capitalism for which we are fighting ere fundamentally sound that 
tney need not fear for the future, that they are fighting a war which win noHmly Uber- 
e e merges from attack but will liberate our people from want and insecurity bv 

Rendon the restrictions on production that have created want in the midst 0 ^ plenty 
during the days of our depression." (June 3, 1942* Chicago* in.) plenty 











5. - 15 


Thurman Arnold ,„AaaLs tan AtAoxnez^LQaexfL 

"We can neither get full production during the wer nor full production after the war 
unless we strike now at the paralyzing restrictions imposed by monopoly power**,, 

"Our purpose is only to strike end strike herd, not against the patent lew, hut against 
those who pervert the patent privilege to control and restrict the r>roduction of the things 
that are essential to full production in peace or in war*” (July 28, 1942, New York, ELYo) 

William I* Bstt. War Production Board 

"We have got to have in mind that we canH simply go back to where we were before the 
war* Much will be changed* Government will occupy a far larger place in our economic 
life, both as director and also as owner of vast quantities of economic resources* An 
increasing number of you will find your greatest opportunities for service in government 
rather than in private business * And there will be other changes which it a s hard to pre¬ 
dict*” (May 2, 1942, Hoboken, N.J.) 

Francis Biddle. Attorney General (quoting the Washington Star) 

"W© are now, he said, in °a non-competitive war economy\vhich is becoming a 
"completely integrated, Government-controlled economy J and ^hich cannot be abandoned 
instantly when peace comes*” (April 25, 1942, Washington, D. C.) 

Wayne Chatfleld-Taylor* Under^&ral^^ 

"W© seek the maintenance of the greatest industry of all in the United States — the 
industry of private capital formation* For it is this industry which Provides the tools 
and machines which make possible the high productivity of American labor which, in turn, 
is the source of our high standard of life* 

”W« want to make certain that vre shall have in this country (after the war; an expand¬ 
ing business economy based on private enterprise*” (April 24, 1942, Lexington, Va.) 

”In the Department of Commerce our activities looking toward the immediate post-wer 
years concern a program whereby private business will feed into the total income stream 
an amount of money to offset war expenditures that are then to be cut off, allowing for ^ 
the fact that millions of wartime employees will wish to vfithdraw from the labor market* 
(April 24, 1942, Lexington, v* 0 ) 

Wayne Chatfield-?eylor , Under-D , fepjr . fi t ary , p f Comme r s e 

”The end of the war should see a bigger production plant than we have ever dreamed of 
having, manned by the largest army of skilled workers in our history 0 managed by men who 
have proved their ability under heavy production schedules* We can expect this great 
workshop to re-convert itself to civilian production with all of the efficiency which it 
has acquired in its busiest periods*” (August 26, 1942, Minneapolis, Minn.) 

’‘Thus the probable pattern for the years immediately following the war begins to be 
seen* Huge production possibilities* Trained workers. Vast hungry markets* High buying 
power* Distributive facilities trimmed down to the bare necessities of civilian supply* 

In the field of distribution alone, the opportunities will be amazing.” (August 26, 1942, 
Minneapolis, Minn.) 

"We do not need to wait for the end of the war to begin to make use of what we have 
learned or are learning. The outline of our post-war world of business is shaping itself 
in the foundries, forges, machine shops and assembly lines of our tremendous war 
production.” (August 26, 1942, Minneapolis, Minn*) 







5. - 16 


.a yae 


3 n dar-G e c ra.,ar.7 of Co pataca 


” It is obvious that during the reconstruction period certain war-time controls must 
be maintained, other new controls must be designed and skillfully operated* At the ex¬ 
pense of immediate profits and immediate satisfaction of all desires, we must temper our 
individual ambitions more to the common good* We must make sure that, either through 
private agreements openly arrived at, or through the actions of our government, we steer 
the course of business in the post-war period with a maximum of individual freedom plus 
a minimum of danger to our national well-beingo'* (August 26, 1942, Minneapolis* Hinn*) 

M The new frontiers of American achievement lie beyond the smoke of battle in the 
post-war lend* There opportunities await American business such as it has not visioned 
before* Not the kind of opportunities which it has known in the pest, but new ones 
which the taming of machine production and modern transportation and communication will 
afford* We must fix firmly in our minds that changes are inevitable* To aid us* we 
must look back and see how we have met changes in our lifetimes, how the nation has sur¬ 
vived great change after change in its brief history*’ 1 (August 26, 1942, Minneapolis, Min 

• J2&l£S.nn, director ojLiLhe„vg;for_,ihe_20th_ 6entu.xy.._Fund 

"The post-war program thus becomes a blending of present necessities with future 
objectives* 

“Possibilities for immediate action lie in the following measures. 0 

1 1* Government aid in removing restraints within the housebuilding industry through 
modification of federal anti-trust and racketeering laws, and strengthening the means for 
law enforcement* This is B of course, only a first step and must be supplemented by more 
positive measures* 

H 2* Preparation by the Federal Government of model building codes based on ample 
engineering service and providing to localities facilities for consultation and testing., 

"3* Review of existing methods of corporate taxation with a view of providing* if 
possible, incentives to capital investment and expansion in new enterprises such as house¬ 
building. 

,s 4» Support of the housing market as may be needed by the continued purchase by local 
housing authorities, under a coordinated federal program, of dwellings for the low-income 
groups* 

"5* Continuance of existing aids to mortgage investment supplemented vrith measures 
designed to encourage equity investment by financial institutions in rental housing. 

"6* Improvement for facilities for financing housing in rural areas through greater 
allowances for home values in Farm Credit loans, and through the greater development of 
cooperative credit institutions for farm house construction and repairs along lines 
initiated by the Rural Electrification Administration* The financial Program would re¬ 
quire supplementation by an edicational program carried out by the Agricultural Extension 
service demonstrating the value of home repairs, showing the type of repairs most needed, 
and providing training in skill needed to make repairs. 

“The longer range parts of the program might include; 

“1* Reform of methods of real estate taxation to remove the special hazards to the 
ad valorem levy* Such reform might be aided by institution taxation studes in the appro¬ 
priate Federal agency and providing the means for consultation with localities on tax 
problems* 

”2* Simplification of methods of land transfer through the establishment by the 
States of simple end compulsory methods of land-title registrations. This move might be 
stimulated by the Federal Government by eld In establishing indemnity funds. 

Development by the Stetes of bettor methods of land-use control, slum and blighted 
lend assembly carried on under the auspices of the Federal Government using not only gov- 1 
ernmental facilities but the fecilities of universities end other competent privet, 
ressarch centers* 





5 , 


17 


“4* Study of new financial -patterns more consistent with the fact Mid. the risk of 
long-tern purchase than existing methods of mortgage finance, 

’’So A continued program of research in materials and techniques, 

“6. A continued program of market research and analysis conducted by the Federal 
Government to provide housebuilders with information concerning the extant and character¬ 
istics of housing markets. 

“The short- and long-term parts of the program must be developed as a whole.” (July, 
1942, pamphlet for the National Foaources Planning Board) 

v fl&AaJU frHa&L.j£ftr,£ 

“It is in this context that the workers and the common people are prepared to draw up 
a charter for freedom— for today and for tomorrow. 

“Labor’s charter for a post-war world* in my opinion, should include these basic joints: 

“I, The assurance of useful and creative work throughout the production years of a 

worker 8 s life. 

“2. A just level of pay in return for labor, ideas or other services useful to society. 

“3. The guarantee of proper food, clothing, shelter and medical care. 

“4, Security for the aged and sick. 

“5. Safeguards against industrial injury, together with just recompense and security 
for bhose injured. 

“6. The right to live and work under a system of free enterprise without Interference 
from private power above the law, discriminatory public authority, and unbridled monopo.byc 

“? 0 Freedom of movement, of speech, of conscience, without fear of secret political 
or private police. 

“8. An end to discrimination against any person or group, because cf rac©„ errsd, 
color, religion, or national origin. 

“9, Equality before the law, with economic justice part of that lav. 

“10. The opportunity for self-improvement through free education. 

“11. The right to leisure and recreation,” 

(June 6, 1942, Berkeley, Calif.) 

“I feel very strongly that labor md government through this (Labor Production .Divi¬ 
sion, WPB) and other agencies have set up a partnership of historic importance. 

“It is a win-the-war partnership. 

“It will also be a win-the-peace partnership.” (August fi, 1942, Springfield, Mass.) 

We 1 lego McClure.. State, jto&Etin&rt 

“However vital it will be to keep psace production at the wartime level, there is even 
more compelling need that no man be involuntarily without a job.“ (May 15, 1942, Chapel 
Hill, N.C.) 

Bobert Nathsa^gr Proda.Qlian-J^£Xd 

“The postwar world should be dedicate to an e^n of high production and high consumption. 
We know how to produce and now we must lt.rn how to distribute the results of production so 
that there is an ever-sustained and ever- Increasing demand for what we can produce. We have 
never had over-production and there is no danger for a long period to cone that we are likelj 
, to over-produce relative to our real war's. ’Alien the time comes that we can produce more 
than is needed then we can work less, bu’ that day is far distant. As long as there are mil 
lions of our families living in inadequa* houses, millions of families without adequate 
clothing and food and millions of families without those luxuries which the more fortunate 
of us have been able to enjoy, we can nevt-r be smug and complacent about over-production.” 
(June 18 0 1942, Dallas, Texas) 







5. 


II 


A&Q£.ld._H..JfcIson. Chatiman, Jter Production Board 

” • «* after peace returns— our peace, in which the spectre of dictatorship and slaver; 
has been dispelled forever—we Americans are going to have the noblest opportunity any 
people in all history ever had* Ve are going tc have the chance to build an era of plent; 
in a land of plenty., 

'*I can’t tell you how we ere going to do this* It may take us a long time to find th* 
right way* But I know we are going to have the chance; and I know that the unity and the 
energy which will win this war for us will be fully able to solve that problem* We are 
fighting for many rights today* The greatest one of all is the right to find our own way 
to the solution of that problem* We are going to win that right and we ere going to find 
that solution*” (September 7, 1942, Cleveland, Ohio) 

ililO-Perkins..,. Board of Economic Warfare 

”We are engaged in a struggle that transcends the present war* This is a long, long 
fight to make a mass-production economy work. The battle started when machines became 
important in the lives of men* It should be over within the generation following this 
conflict* The battle will be won when we have built up mass-consumption to a point where 
markets can absorb the output of our mass-production industries running at top speed. 

Then, so far as our physical needs are concerned, life can.become a Journey to be enjoyed 
rather than a battle to be fought*” (May 25, 1942, Swarthraore, la*) 

’’Better than half of our industrial output at the end of this war will be going to on® 
customer - our own government* The business will exceed 70 billion dollars a year* Any 
attempt to stop that purchasing power abruptly would result in complete bankruptcy* There 
must be a gradual and sensible unwinding* Government must encourage business to regain 
its peace-time markets as fast as it can and business must encourage government to taper 
off its activities slowly enough to keep production going full blast*” (Hay 25, 1942, 
Swerthmore, Pe.) 

”Capital investment ih heavy goods for reconstruction must replace capital investment 
in armaments (in the post-war period) at a rate adequate to maintain full employment**' 

(May 25, 1942, Swerthmore, Pa.) 

"We can and we should have open discussion about the various methods of using our re¬ 
sources to the utmost. But that is quite different from questioning the absolute necessit 
of their full utili?ation. Failure to use those resources to the utmost would be the one 
sure way to lose the way of life for which our sons are now willing and ready to die*” 

(Hay 25, 1942, Swerthmore, Pa*) 

”The plain people of this earth know what they want in the post-war period* Above all 
else they want to be wanted; they want a chance to work and be useful* They want an incom 
which will give them enough food and clothing and shelter and medical care to drive the 
fear of want from the family fireside* And they want these simple things within a society 
that guarantees their civil liberties*” (Hay 25, 1942, Swerthmore, Pa e ) 

“The job of the future will be to build up a mass consumption great enough to use this 
mass production. That will require a bold and daring use of long-term credits by every 
enlightened government of the world* Governments must enter fields where private finance 
cannot enter without assuming risks that are too great to take with other people’s money* 
3y that very act, however, the area of private investment will be broader and safer then 
it was in the lest two decades* A world at work at decent wages is a world of economic 
stability* Idleness is the greatest of all threats to confidence*” (May 25, 1942, 
Swerthmore, Pa.) 





5. - If 


Ia.ta.h9r ffi HsperliagRt- .of Commerce 

"It is estimated that the war program will eliminate unemployment. Thus 9 it is easy 
;o see why *11 of the federal agencies* which have been thinking about the post-war situ- 
'tion, agree that the first objective is to maintain the employment level reached during 
ihe W8r»" (June 19* 1942, iSdgewater Park, Miss.,) 

"There are several favorable factors which will work toward building a high enough 
rate of consumption after the present war to maintain employment and income.. First of 
?11 the 8tats of reduced consumption resulting from restricted use of materials and con- 
rersion — which stage we are now entering -- will build up a tremendous backlog of 
Leferred demand, especially in the field of durable goods which is the key area® 

51 The reservoir of funds now being built up through the purchase of war bonds and 
probably later through some system of forced savings will provide the means for satisy- 
Lng the pent-up demands of consumers* Further, the consumer credit situation will be 
sased and the decks cleared for action in that direction." (June 19, 1942, hdgewater 
Park, Miss*) 

3. P. Schell. U. S. Maritime Commission 

"A golden opportunity is unfolding for the future of our Merchant Marine when this 
present ’/hole World War is terminated and we shall again enter upon our peaceful pursuits* 
tie will recapture our foreign trade with our high speed modern cargo vessels and assume 
Dur rightful place with the Merchant Marine of the world* But for the present we have a 
iifferent serious business ahead* 1 ’ (May 22, 1942, Wilmington, N*C.) 

darold D* Smith. Director. Bureau of the Budget (quoting New York Times) 

" •.. # When the war ends.** we will be faced with problems of taxation, debt adjustment 
and fiscal policy, or regional development and balance* The need of cooperation in the 
task of planning for the future is manifest, both to share the labor of an undertaking too 
vast for any single agency and to develop common objectives and a unified program* ? 

"When the time comes for reconversion to peacetime production, private enterprise must 
be prepared to absorb war workers who will be temporarily unemployed* But he expressed the 
opinion that he did not believe private industry could take in all those who would be unem¬ 
ployed and that government, local. State and Federal, would have ’to step in some way* 1 

"He pointed out that when the i^ar. effort reaches its peak, about 25,00Q,000 persons 
will be working in production lines and about 5,000,000 will be in the armed services* 

Turning from war production to peace-time will therefore involve the transfer of nearly 
30,000,000 persons*" (June 9, 1942, ^racuse, N.Y*) 

Sear Admiral Howard L> Vickery. II.SA, J TicflnObeiaaeiL. 5. 

"Moreover, I am firmly convinced that the post-war story of our maritime industry this 
time will not be a repetition of the grievous mistakes we made in the aftermath of the 
first World War. Then we assembled a great ship production machine throughout our nation 8 
erected vast shipyards and employed hundreds of thousands of men. When the war was over 
the production equipment was disassembled or abandoned* Factories were idle and the workers 
unemployed* After this war it must be different* The Maritime Commission urogram calls for 
the reestablishment of the Merchant Marine on a competitive parity with that of other nations 
It is our plan to restore America to a dominant place in world commerce, a position attain¬ 
able, I am confident, through the cooperation and support of the Americen People*" (May 
K2, 1942, Philadelphia, PftJ 










Hear Admiral Howard L. Vickery. U»S.N.. vice-Chairman, U. 3. Maritime O.ommissipn 


"What is the destiny of the Liberty ships? This is one post-war problem which will 
result from the very success of today's shipbuilding program. The end of the war, whenver 
it may be, will find us with a tremendous fleet of Liberty ships, for by the close of 1943 
that fleet will probably comprise a fifth or more of the world's tonnage. It appears 

likely now that Liberty ships will have many uses during the early years of •oeace, but we 

should be under no delusion that they will be able to hold their own in the highly competi¬ 
tive conditions which are sure to return. The American shipping industry will do well to 

give thought to their ultimate disposition. Do you want to see them sold foreign? Do you 

want to see them in the hands of speculative operators? Or would you prefer that your 
Government maintain them in reserve against possible future emergencies?" (October 16, 
1942, New York, N.Y.) 

"in the past it has been the practice to build specialized shins — hand tailored so 
to speak — to meet the requirements of particular trades. The long range ships we are 
building now are necessarily standardized, and undoubtedly they will be employed after , 
the war in services for which custom built designs were heretofore considered essential. 
Since this standardization has not been at the expense of speed, efficiency, or quality, 
shippers will find the vessels quite adequate and there would appear to be little reason 
to revert to pre-war building conceptions. The benefits to operators of continued stan¬ 
dardization upon a few types of ships would be considerable. Not only would ship con¬ 
struction costs b© lower, but in addition, expenses of maintenance would be reduced. The 
shipper would likewise benefit by reason of resultant lower tariffs. Are you not agreeable 
to paying lees for your ships in the future? Why then, should the shipping industry refuse 
to recognize the principle of standardization which other industries have had to adopt in 
order to survive?" (October 16, 1942, New York, N.Y.) 

"I have long been of the conviction that one of the necessary adjuncts of a successful - 
American merchant marine is a strong and independent American insurance market. A quarter 
century ego, our ship oivners were forced to depend principally upon foreign underwriters 
for marine coverage, and even in cases where insurance was placed in this country, the 
terms were largely influenced from abroad. While in more recent years a substantial domes¬ 
tic hull insurance market was built up, nevertheless, too large a share of American marine 
insurance, in my opinion, has been allowed to go to foreign underwriters. Should not the 
necessary steps be taken, therefore, so that when peacetime conditions return, domestic 
underwriters and ship owners, with or without the intervention of the government, will see 
to it that American ships are insured where they should be — in the United States?" 
(October 16, 1942, New York, N.Y.) 

Carroll L. Wilson. Departments Commerce 

"The post-war period will present to private business not only another challenger... 
but an opportunity to prove that our competitive system works, that the democratic method 
of leaving as much initiative as possible in the hands of individual proprietors or manager 
is sound and that reasonable profits to owners are the result of filling a need of the peo¬ 
ple for more end more goods at lower and lower prices." (June 4, 1942, Address) 
v \ 

Th_Qjae.g.,U,. gqMv.P.Xd.t--y -lce-Chairmen, U. 3. Maritime Commission 

"We will find ourselves then, at the conclusion hostilities in this war, with the 
three essential elements without which no nation may hor>e to maintain e position as a 
maritime power; first, the ships; second, the maritime nersonnel; third, sound and efficien 
operating companies. These are not mentioned necessarily in the order of inroortance, for 
they are co-equal. This dominant position in the world of merchant shipping -1 will be but 









0. - </± 


one manifestation of the piece which the United Stetes is destined to hold in the post¬ 
war world. To use a homely phrase, we are in the war up to our necks and we will he in 
the peace up to our necks." (May 21, 1942, Chicago, Ill.) 

.aur q.g-g.-.gJLr 

"Conclusions with respect to domestic policy were: 

A. War Period 

1. High corporate-income end excess-profits taxes. 

2. Sharply progressive estate taxes. 

3. Broadening of individual income-tax "base together with steeply graduated 
surtax rates. 

4 . Sharp increase in excise taxes on commodities competing with the war 

program. 

5. Part payment of wages and salaries in defense bonds. 

6 . Qualitative shift in the components of consumption. 

Bo Post-War Period 

1 . detention of progressive (graduated) tax structure and broadened tax base, 
with major emohasis on the individual Income tax and less reliance on the corporate 
income tax. 

2. Sharp reduction in defense consumption taxes. 

3. Adequate plans by private enterprise for private-investment projects in 
manufacturing plant and equipment, in railroads, public utilities, and housing. 

4. Adequate program of public-Improvement projects including national re¬ 
sources, express highway, urban redevelopment (involving among other things outlays 
in terminal facilities and reorganization of urban transportation), and a reorganized 
public housing program (including the setting up of a Housing Pesearch Laboratory 
designed to reduce construction costs and thus enlarge the scope of private housing 
construction). 

5o Expansion of public-welfare expenditures—Federal aid to education, public 
health, old-age pensions and family allowances. This involves partly an expanded pro¬ 
gram, end partly a means of reducing State and local property and consumption taxes, 
thereby stimulating private consumption expenditures." (January, 1942, Pamphlet) 

fla tional.JR^nr.gm-?lenning-.B,s,§xd 

«We shall emerge from war with more skilled workers than ever before, with more power, 
more steel and aluminum, with new plastics— with the greatest industrial -plant in our 
history. We must keep it at work, because only by full employment can we be assured of 
that freedom from want end fear which provides the basis for the other freedoms for which 
we are fighting." (May 18, 1942, Article, Better Cities) 

m if v;e ere to make our post-war cities true temnles of the four freedoms, there is 
one central idea which, today as never before, has the acceptance of social scientists, 
groups of property owners and investors, and of public officials. The replanning and 
rebuilding of cities must be on a large scale; an isolated, uncoordinated attack, the 
replacement of a group of structures here and there, will not do. Our replanning must 
be bold, fresh, and imaginative. In the desire to make work, we must not rush in with 
projects that merely re-peat or -perpetuate bad patterns of the past — either physical 
'or institutional." (May 18, 1942, Article, Better Cities) 

«... We must plan our rebuilding, not by the square block, but by the square mile. 

If this conception be accepted, we must clearly have an id8a to guide us that^will give 
us more than rows of sanitary barracks to replace rows of unsanitary hutches. (May 
18, 1942, Article, Better c ities) 








5o — 22 


National Resources Planning Board 

•'It is essential that the various governments serving the people of a city recog¬ 
nise their common constituency. Just es highways built with public money and residences 
built with private funds must compose one finished community, so the objectives of each 
level of government and of the various departments in each level must bo brought to¬ 
gether and considered as a composite plan for the area.” (May 18, 1942, Article, etter 
Cities) 

"Thirty years of experience have shown us that for large-scale imaginative recrea¬ 
tion of our cities, we need sharper and more powerful tools for local planning. The 
prevailing pattern of the appointed Planning board of unpaid citizens was established 
in a day when there was less integration of local government... " (May 18* 1942, Arti¬ 
cle, Better Cities) 

national Resources Planning Board 

"In specific terms, the central objectives of our post-war planning may be summa¬ 
rized as follows: 

1. We must plan for full employment, for maintaining the national income at 100 
billion dollars a year, at least, rather than to let it slip back to 80 or 70 or 60 
billion dollars again. In other words, we shall plan to balance our national produc¬ 
tion-consumption budget at a high level with full employment, not at a low level with 
mass unemployment* 

2 . We must plan to do this without requiring work from youth who should be in 
school, the aged vrho should be relieved if they wish it, and women who choose to make 
their contribution in the home, and without asking anyone to work regularly in mines 
factories, transportation, or offices more than 40 hours a week or 50 weeks a year, or 
to sacrifice the wag© standards which have been set. 

3 . W© must plan to decentralize post-emergency activities es far as possible; to 
us© to the utmost our system of modified free enterprise with its voluntary employment, 
its special reward for effort, imagination, and improvement, its elasticity and compe¬ 
tition; and to advance cooperatively under national and governmental leadership. 

4. We must plan to enable ©very human being within our boundaries to realize pro- . 
a’resaively the promise of American life in food, shelter, clothing, medical car®, 

iucetion, work, rest, home life, opportunity to advance, adventure, and the basic 
•eedoms. 

5. We must plan to make Building America the keynote of the post-war program, 
eluding both development of our national resources to add to the national estate, 

and service activities, which will increase the vitality, health, skill, productivity, 
knowledge and happiness of the American people, and thus together end unemployment and 
add to our wealth and well-being." (September, 1942, Pamphlet, Post-war Planning) 

"To withhold a certain number of service men from the labor market (after war) for 
'eriod of training might help prevent the glutting of that market, in addition to 
viding them with skills and training needed for industrial occupations (September 
j.5 ^2, Pamphlet, Post-war Planning) 

"The men and machines v/ho are making tanks and jeeps and bombs are going to ba 
almost as “out of a job’ as the soldiers and sailors, when victory comeso They will 
present many of the same problems, and their sudden dismissal, in its effect on the 
labor market 8nd on the volume of consumer-purchasing power, would aggravate the dan¬ 
gers to our national economy. Indeed, it is arguable that it would be less wasteful 
to continue some war production beyond absolute military necessity rather than to 




5. - 23 


halt it &11 precipitately at the seme time. Not clone would the immediate worker 
in war industries thrown out of work be affected by hasty industrial demobilization 
but transportation workers and the suppliers of raw materials for war production 
would also be affected. It is possible that some whole Industries created to meet 
the Nation’s need will appropriately be the Nation’s charge es they retool end con¬ 
vert for peace-time pursuits. (September 1942, Tamphlet, Post-war Planning) 

“A dismissal wage (in the demobilization period), possibly to be paid in in¬ 
stallments over a period of time, may seem a wise national safeguard. Nation-wide 
extension end liberalization of our unemployment compensation system might accom¬ 
plish the purpose without the introduction of new machinery® Use of the projects 
for public works, which are described later in the pamphlet, to fill in any gaps 
in employment opportunity and to make wider and more efficient use of national re¬ 
sources, may be appropriate in the period of adjustment.” (September 1942, 
Pamphlet, Post-war Planning) 



















•• 




























































































6 


1 


6 ® SOCIAL PROBLEMS 


e o GENERAL STATEMENTS 


b« MIGRATION iiND SETTLEMENT 


Co NATIONALITY AND MINORITIES 


do EDUCATIONAL RECONSTRUCTION 


fiQJC&fcU Hull,. .Secretary of State 

M .oo An informed nubile opinion must be developed® This is a trek of intensive 
study, herd thinking, broad vision, end leadership — not for governments alone, but 
for parents, and teachers, and clergymen, and all those, within each nation, who pro¬ 
vide spiritual, morel, and intellectual guidance.” (July 23, 1942, Radio Address) 

garoa Viqe-Pre&aglU 


”America will not have made her contribution until nine out of ten of the adults 
of the world can read and write, until all the children of the world can have at least 
point of milk a day, until education brings with it such a sense of responsibility 
that all of the people of the world can be trusted to take nert in democratic govern¬ 
ment®” (June 8, 1942, New York) 







. 






7,-1 


7o STRUCTURE AND CONTROL OF PARTICULAR TERRITORIES 


a, SELF-DLTLRUiJATIOil; BOUNDARIES 
Franklin D. Roosevelt. President 

"We do not covet one square inch of the territory of any other nation." (September 1. 
1941, New York) 

Yfilliam L. Batt, Iter Production Board 

"We want no territory; we want to enslave no people; we want to grab no wealth that 
belongs to another; we do want a free, peaceful, righteous world in which fairness and 
Justice are available to every people." (Hay 17, 1942, Gary, Indiana) 

Spruille Braden, Ambassador to Cuba 

"We shall have to proceed so that all men, freely and without fear, may elect the 
governments they desire and 30 live in dignity and confidence. (In the post-war world)" 
(April 9, 1942, Cuban Chamber of Commerce in U. S.) 

Cordell Hull, Secretary of State 

"We have always believed — and we believe today — that all people, without distinctioi 
of race, color or religion, who are prepared and willing to accept the responsibilities 
of liberty, are entitled to its enjoyment. »ife have always sought — and we seek today — 
to encourage and aid all who aspire to freedom to establish their rights to it by prepar¬ 
ing themselves to assume its obligations. »Ve have striven to meet squarely our own respon¬ 
sibility in this respect — in Cuba, in the Philippines, and wherever else it has devolved 
upon us. It has been our purpose in the past — and will remain our purpose in the future - 
to use the full measure of our influence to support attainment of freedom by all peoples 
who, by their acts, show themselves worthy of it and ready for it." (July 23, 1942, Radio 
Address) 

Frank Knox. Secretary of the Navy 

(victory will be) followed by a peace which all are agreed must guarantee equal 
opportunity for all peoples, great or small." (January 2, 1942, New Year f s Greeting to 
Navy) 

Frank Co talker. Postmaster Genera li 

"We are not striving for color..al possessions, for new territory, for the enslavement 
of others or for the economic overiordship of the world." (August 18, 1942, Memphis, Tenn.) 

Sumner Welles. Under-Secretary of state 

"If this war is in fact a war for the liberation of peoples it must assure the sover¬ 
eign equality of peoples throughout the world, as well as in the world of the Americas. 

Our victory must bring in its tra:r the liberation of all peoples. Discrimination between 
peoples because of their race, crcrd or color must be abolished. The age of imperialism 
is ended. The right of a people to their freedom must be recognized, as the civilized 
world long since recognized the r.ght of an individual to his personal freedom. The prin¬ 
ciples of the Atlantic Charter must be guaranteed to the world as a whole — in all oceans 
and in all continents." (Hay 30, 1942, Arlington, Va.) 









7* - 2 


Sumner »felle3. Under-Secretary of State 

"...our victory must surely...bring as its consequence a world order in which every 
nation, small or great, weak or powerful, can live in safety and in peace, and without 
fear.” (October 28, 1942, Washington, D. C.) 

Thomas W. Woodward. Vice Chairman. Maritime Commission 

11 Imperialism so-called, whether economic, military or political, is as dead as the 
dodo." (i&y 21, 1942, Chicago, Ill.) 


b. DECLARATIONS OF VARIOUS GOVERNMENTS REGARDING PARTICULAR TERRITORIES (cf. Sec¬ 
tion 3d) 

Cordell Hull, Secretary of State 


"...the United States, in continuation of steps already taken toward meeting China*si 
aspirations for readjustment of anomalies in its international relations, expects when | 
conditions of peace again prevail, to move rapidly, by processes of orderly negotiation I 
and agreement with the Chinese Government, toward relinquishment of the last of certain j 
rights of a special character which this country, together with other countries, has long 
possessed in China by virtue of agreements providing for extra-territorial jurisdiction 1 
and related practices." (L/jay 31* 1942, Washington, D. C.) 

Owen Lattimore, Political Adviser to Chiang Kai Shek 

Chungking reports (October 23, 11:10 a.m. EWT) in English to North America. He said: 
"America will not become imperialistic nor will she return to isolationism. She wants 
freedom and equality. For this we need your cooperation, just as you need our cooperatio 
in your reconstruction. All the peoples of Asia look to you as an example. The people j 
of this half of the world look to General Chiang Kai-shek as the symbol of their hope of 
progress and self-government. For thi3 reason, Chinese responsibilities will not be lost 
Some American say that the next 100 years will be the American century. I believe that 1 
the next 100 years will be the Chinese century..., 

"The world needs more than a stable China. Re need a progressive China. No nation j 
in Asia can progress unless China progresses. No nation in Asia can hope for democracy g 
unless democracy in China is successful. I feel confident of the future. China*s victor; 
will serve Asia and it will serve democracy." (Official Chinese Broadcast) 


c, LEAGUE OF NATIONS MANDATES 


d. INTERNATIONAL TRUSTEESHIP AND OTHER DEPENDENT AREAS 






3,-1 


8, INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS 

a. GENERAL STAT-11ENT3; GENERAL P03T-.VAR POLICY; ISOLATION OR COLLABORATION 
Franklin D. Roosevelt, President 

“There are a few people in this country who, when the collapse of the Axis begins, 
will tell our people that we are safe once more; that we can tell the rest of the world 
to *stew in its own juice 1 ; that never again will we help to pull *the other fellow f s 
chestnuts from the fire’; that the future of civilization can jolly well take care of 
itself insofar as we are concerned, 

"But it is useless to win battles if the cause for which we fought these battles is 
lost." (October 12, 1942, Radio Address) 

Paul H. Appelby. Under-Secretary of Agriculture 

"It is of supreme importance that the American people understand how completely, how 
sublimely, the British people are giving of themselves to this war. For without the 
British Commonwealth this war could not be won. Those who for lack of philosophy, for 
lack of insight and understanding, say and do things which reduce the unity of the British 
and American peoples reduce the effectiveness of all our efforts, 

"It is of equal importance that there be in this country deep understanding of the 
absolute necessity for the closest collaboration with Britain in post-war years. For un¬ 
less we can build a larger international unity then, this war will have been fought in 
vain. And unless we can build in conjunction with Britain, we can not build at all. 

The need is for the largest possible unity. Collaboration with Britain in this effort 
is simply a minimum beginning, the most feasible and essential beginning." (July 10, 

1942, Charlottesville, Va.) 

Adolf A. Berle. Assistant Secretary of State 

"The United States is productive, strong and independent; and proposes to stay so. 

She has found that the best means of remaining productive, strong and independent is to 
maintain disinterested friendship with all other nations; and that this policy works uest 
when all other nations are themselves productive, independent and as strong as their cir¬ 
cumstances permit. Je have no wish to acquire the territory or dominate the affairs of 
other nations; and no peace-loving nation need fear us. Equally, we propose to handle 
our affairs so that we need fear nobody." (October 15, 1942, Birmingham, Alabama) 

Francis Biddle. Attorney General (quoting the Washington Star) 

"Pointing out that one of the main problems after the war will be what to do with the 
-war machinery, ilr. Biddle said he is convinced the United States will never return to 
isolationism, that it will be a matter of creating the type of intelligence and the type 
of mind to meet an integrated world." (April 25, 1942, Washington, D. C.) 

Wayne Chatfield-Taylor. Under-Secretary of Commerce 

"... after this war our nation will not run away from its responsibilities. It will 
not need to hide inexperience and ineptitude behind the smug cloak of isolation. It will 
not need to do so, and it will not wish to do so." (June 13, 1942, Dallas, Texas) 








8 „ - 2 


Jayne’ Chatfield-Taylor, Under-Secretary o f Commerce 

"While they (U. 3, soldiers) share with you patriotism and the burning urge to per¬ 
petuate our way of life, they share wi jh each other a special feeling. They may not 
always tell us so, but deep in their hearts they know that the older generations of men 
and women who have been managing matte '3, have bungled tragically and completely. I can 
assure you that they will neither oe i lided by precedents of history nor by precepts frond 

elders who failed to avert the present catastrophe. But, I can also assure you that they 

will bring to bear a freshness of approach, a belief that truly great things are possible 

which only victors acquire.” (October 7, 1942, Boston, .lass.) 

Jayne Chatfield-Taylor» Under-Secretary of Commerce 

”1 believe that the time is near when there will be nc economic or philosophical 
neutrals in this hemisphere; almost all of us are now solidly bound together. 

”We have also, I believe, already built the framework, from the Good Neighbor blue¬ 
print, of a potentially world-wide economic structure; the principles and the results 
developed from our Pan American credos and action can be applied to the establishment 
of a workable world economic system and commercial policy. Though the policy has been 
truly successful in the laboratory of this hemisphere, we do not want to spawn a new type! 
of isolationist, the *Pan American Isolationist.* 

”We know the current fruits of the Good Neighbor policy in our own hemisphere. Je 
must now begin to look still farther into the futures expand our proven hemisphere policy 
into a world policy.” (October 21, 1942, New York City) 

KLmer Davis. Director. Office of Jar Information 

”Jhat is the basic and primary interest of every American citizen in the settlement 
of world affairs that will follow upon victory? Ooviously our primary interest is nationsj 
security; and I use that word not as meaning a safe idleness and indifference and stagna-I 
tion. I mean a condition of world affairs in which the American people can go aoout their 
business, solving their own problems, trying to live up to the principles which this 
country gave to the world in 1776, and which we can best advertise to the 'world by setting 
a good example — a condition in which we can devote ourselves to these objectives withoul 
having to drop everything, every twenty-five years or so, and devote all our energy and 
resources to repelling attacks from without. 

”Now, some people think that can best be done by relying on our own strength; others ft 
by some kind of international organization. It is an issue not so sharp as it may be made 
to seem, for it is evident that for years to come we shall have to rely on a mixture of 
both. On the ultimate decision, patriotic citizens may honestly differ; and we seem more 
likely to reach a satisfactory solution if we may to keep our heads and make our decision 
not on theories and doctrine, but on the ground of national interest a 3 clearly as it can* 
be ascertained.” (October 3, 1942, New York City) 

A reason why it may be to U. 3. interest to enter a collective security system, i.e, 
continued unity of the United Nations: 

"...the United 3tates is likely to come out of this war with very great military 
strength; and nobody in this country wants to scrap our armaments this time, as we did in] 
large degree twenty years ago, until we are absolutely sure that we have a far better sub¬ 
stitute guarantee of our security than that for which we sacrificed them in the Jasbingtcl 
treaties of 1922.” (October 3, 1942, New York City) 







3* - 3 


di rector.Qfflee of v. r ar Information 

A reason why it may be to U.S. interest to enter a collective security system, ice* 
continued unity of the United Nations: ■ 

"While we might be at least as strong as any other single nation in the world (after 
the war) we are not going to be stronger than all of them; nor do most Americans want, if 
they can help it, to spend a lot of energy and ingenuity hereafter in devising and main¬ 
taining a system of alliances to maintain a balance of power." (October 3, 1942, New 
York, N.Y.) 

A reason why it may be to U.3. interest to enter a collective security system, i.e. 
continued unity of the United Nations: 

"••» while smaller nations with smaller armed forces are generally at a disadvantage 
under modern war conditions, one of these conditions—the speed of air war-gives a 
greater opportunity, to a nation determined on attack, to use the one tactic that most 
effectually neutralises superior numbers— surprise." (October 3, 1942, New York, N.Y.) 

A reason why it may be to U.S. interest to enter a collective security system, i.e. 
continued unity of the United Nations: 

“We come nearer being self-sufficient than any other nation in the world, but even we 
are a long way from it—a point that need not be labored in view of the current rubber 
situation*, No doubt we shall preserve and continue to operate our synthetic rubber indus¬ 
try,after the war, as a measure of military defence; but unless the processes are greatly 
cheapened it will be an uneconomic measure necessitated by security; and there will be 
other measures, equally uneconomic or even socially unhealthy, that we shall have to adopt 
unless some other safeguard of security can be found." (October 3, 1942, New York, N.Y.) 

Ro liiyans. Vice-Chairman. Federal “Reserve 

"... post-war unity of the democracies will be as important then as our war unity is 
now. I have hope that in this war we shall learn and apply some lessons for cooperation 
in peace." (January 29, 1942, Ottawa, Canada) 

"When we have achieved victory, therefore, and have required complete removal of 
armed power from the hands of those nftions which have so terribly proved their misuse 
of it, I believe that we will not relapse, after this war, into a defeatism with respect 
to the peace. This war proves that the present organisation of the world permits aggres¬ 
sors to make war on a world-wide scple. This demonstrates beyond further doubt that 
peace must be attainable on the same scale." (June 6, 1942, Washington, D.C.) 

James V. Forrestrl, Under-Secretary of the Navy 

"The Nation is going to a hard school—tho school of war. It is learning, somewhat 
belatedly, the truth of what a great President of Princeton and a greet President of the 
United States, just before his death in 1924 0 said to Philip Kerr, later Lord Lothian: 

" 9 The great tragedy of the last six yrars is the fact that 
American failure to accept world responsibility means that 
the job will have to be done over again within twenty 
years and at ten times thf* coat. 9 " 

Joseph C . Grew. Former Ambassador to Japan 

"... once Japan is destroyed as an aggressive force, we know of no other challenging 
power that can appear in the Pacific. The nations now members of the Pacific Council in 








8 . - 4 


Washington are quite simply fighting primarily for freedom— to live their own national 
and individual lives, and to let live* No one of these powers has serious strategic 
claims or designs upon the independence or territory of another* There are no frontiers 
stained with centuries of the bloodshed of international war. The Pacific nations have 
clear geographical limits, sufficient natural resources, and a proved disposition to co¬ 
operate* Once militant Japan is out of the picture, there should remain no threat of 
further war in the Pacific area. 

"I say this advisedly* Japan is the one enemy, and the only enemy, of the peaceful 
peoples whose shores overlook the Pacific Ocean*' 1 (October 10, 1942, New York, N.Y.) 

"co* the winning of the war will bring its own rewards in uniting the Pacific peo¬ 
ples* Friendships and opportunities for mutual education and enrichment, both material 
and spiritual, possess limitless possibilities for good* The share of the Chinese in 
the new Pscific is bound to be a great one. Our collaboration with China will be made 
the easier by the sympathy v/hich United China Pelief and its related organizations have 
shown the Chinese people* 1 ’ (October 10, 1942, New York, N. Y*)* 

Stanley K. Hombeck. Adviser on Political delations. State Department 

"In e letter to the ^ice President of the ^nited States, on January 8, 1938, the 
Secretary of State, Mr* Hull, gave expression to an adequate concent of national inter¬ 
est in words to which attention cannot too often be directed* 

"I venture to repeat the substance of that statement with a little amplification: 

"The interest of the United States in situations abroad is measured in more than 
terms of the number of American citizens residing in a given place or region at a given 
moment, is more than the amount of investment of American citizens in a particular lo¬ 
cality, is more than the volume of our trade—rest, present, or potential* Those, are, 
of course, important interests, but, over and above them, this country has interests 
that ere and always will be broader end more fundamental* These more imrortant although 
less obvious interests arise out of and rest upon the fact that only by respect on the 
part of the nations of the world for orderly processes in international relationships is 
there any chance for peace, and only in a world where there is peace—based on law and 
order and justice—to live in peace and to enjoy security, that the world be safe for 
the people of the United States—and for other law-abiding and peace-desiring people and 
nations,—rthese ere national and nation-wide interests. These ere primary concerns of 
the United States and of all of its people* These are fundamental and vital. These go 
beyond and transcend in importance the various material interests and concerns of per¬ 
sons (individuals), of property, of profits, of privilege, or even of prestige*" 

(May 21, 1942, Chapel Hill, N.C*) 

The responsibility to the world which will be that of the United Nations (is) 
to see to it that in the years to come reliance is not again placed by peace loving 
nations upon treaties and laws and good will and processes of appeal to reason alone *" 
(June 1, 1942, Logan, Utah) 

"The peace settlement concluded when this war’s victor?/ has been won must contain 
provisions which will give security and make possible justice among nations. It must 
contain provisions which will discourrge aggression and restrain would-be aggressors. 

It must provide reasonable scope for the normal legitimate aspirations of peacefully 
inclined and industrious peoples everywhere. In these end other respects the peace 
which we envisage and toward which we are fighting must be more generously conceived 
and more firmly supported than any that has been achieved in the past. The peace 
which we now seek cannot be founded merely on faith or on hope or on charity—or on 
ell of these* The peace that we make must be a peace maintainable and maintained by 
common effort and constant cooperative vigilance." (June 1, 1942, Logan, Utah) 










8 


6 - 5 


Pre-War Statement of American Porelan Policy — Cordell Hull. Secretary of State 

’’This country constantly and consistently advocates maintenance of peac®* 'h advo- 
cete national end interaction?! self-restraint* '’e advocate abstinence by ell nations 

from use of force in pursuit of nolicy end from interference in the internal affairs of 
other nations * ’/e advocate adjustment of problems in international relations by pro¬ 

cesses of peaceful negotiation and agreement* We advocate faithful observance of inter¬ 
national agreements* Upholding the principle of the sanctity of treaties, we believe 
in modification of provisions of treaties # when need therefor arises * by orderly pro¬ 
cesses carried out in spirit of mutual helpfulness and accomodation* We believs in 
respect by all nations for the rights of others and performance by all nations of estab¬ 
lished obligations* We stand for revitalizing and strengthening of international law. 

We advocate steps toward promotion of economic security and stability the world over. 

We advocate lowering or removing of excessive barriers in international trade* We seek 
effective equality of commercial opportunity and we urge upon all nations application 
of the principle of equality of treatment* We believe in limitation and reduction of 
armament* Realizing the necessity for maintaining armed forces adequate for national 
security, we are prepared to reduce or to increase our own armed forces in proportion 
to reductions or increases made by other countries* W© avoid entering into alliances 
or entangling commitments but we believe in cooperative effort by peaceful and practi¬ 
cable means in support of the principles hereinbefore stated*” (July 16, 1937, 
Statement) 

RQ.fr.ftrt. Ho_J:ackson* Associate Justice,, Sunreiae Jlourt 

"At the end of this war we must either throw the full weight of American influence 
to the suoport of an international order based on law, or we must outstrip the world in 
naval and air, and perhaps in military, force* No reservation to a treaty can let us 
have our cake and eat it too* 

”We, as lawyers, hold fast to the ideal of an international order existing under 
law and equipped with instrumentalities able and willing to maintain its supremacy, and 
we renew our dedication to the task of pushing back the frontiers of anarchy and of 
maintaining justice under the law among men and nations.” (October 2, 1941* Indian¬ 
apolis, Ind*) 

Robert H. Jackson. Associate Justice, Supreme Court 

"Will, unity, determination and organization, are all that is needed—and they are 
imperatively needed—if we are to make the opportunity to shape the inevitable new 
order ours instead of the enemies'.” (September 2, 1942, Washington, D*C*) 

“Our conviction is that right is the only ingredient that can make might lasting, 
that power without right is but a prod which arouses forces that ultimately bring about 
its own destruction. That conviction must be manifest in our policy and conduct towards 
each other, towards minorities and disadvantaged men or people— yes, even towards our 
enemies* Only thus can the sceptical world be assured that we would use an opportunity 
to write the peace of the world in terras of justice and fair dealing*” (September 2, 
1942, Washington, D*Co) 

"It is not probable that the useful elements of the doctrine of sovereignty would 
be lost by a general limitation to protect the peace of the world against destruction, 
at least until adjustment procedures under law were invoked* The dignity of no well- 
meaning state would be harmfully impaired even by a requirement that it submit justi¬ 
fiable grievances to the World Court and others to arbitration* Treaties have already 
pledged renunciation of war as an instrument of policy*” (September 2, 1942, Washing¬ 
ton , D.Co) 









8.-6 


Paul V* McNutt. Chairman. War Men-nower Comnijsslpn 

“We pro remaking America today* We are tearing out the old canvas props which adver¬ 
tised America as a one-ring sideshow — self-sufficient — a pitchraan^s stand on a "bound¬ 
less oratrio of waters* 

“America today is under the main tent*" (June 13, 1942, Philadelphia, Pa.) 

Leo Pasvolskv. State Danartmen t 

(The post-war problems are two)i “First, to create a. system of international politi¬ 
cal relationships which would offer a reasonable hope for the preservation of a just peaces 
among nations with the least practicable diversion of economic effort to the maintenance 
of armed forces; and 

“Second, to create, domestically and internationally, economic conditions which would 
make possible a progressive movement toward an efficient utilization of the human and 
material resources of the world on a scale adequate to ensure the greatest practicable 
measure of full and stable employment accompanied by rising standards of living everywhere 
(March 4, 1942, Delaware, Ohio) 

“We must b© equally determined thpt fr once the earth is freed from the menace of these 
sinister forces, international relations must and will be so organized as to be an open 
and unobstructed highway of human progress toward an enduring peace among nations, based 
on justice and on order under law, ana toward pn increasing measure of economic and social 
welfare for the individual everywhere*** (March 4, 1942, Delaware, Ohio) 

Francis 3. Sayre. U. 5. High Commissioner in the Philippines 

“True, w® must produce armament and munitions and war supplies as no other nation has 
ever yet produded them* But that alone will never win the war—and still less will it 
build a world that humanity can tolerate following the military victory* There is only 
one way to win the war, only one way to win the peace which follows the war. We must 
build upon moral foundations**’ (April 9, 1942, Hew York, N.Y.) 

Henry A* Wallace. Vice-President 

“Hone of us can be entirely sure at this time what will be the nature of the peace 
which will follow this war when the determined fight of the United Nations has brought 
victory* But we do know that our own problem of national security will be directly af¬ 
fected by the degree of completeness of the peace* 

“Real national security in the broad sense cannot be obtained by attempting to be 
self-sufficient in everything, as th© Nazis during the last 10 yearn tried to do* This 
was the direction in which our Government was going under the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act 
of 1930* Adoption by the United States of a new isolationism on the Nazi order, after 
this war is over, wou3.d force the rest of the world to do likewise and, as I have already 
pointed out, would lead within a few years to World Wpr No* 3* 

“National security, in this broad sense, must be based on united organization that 
will protect every country against aggression. Such united protection against aggression 
could not exist without international intercourse and trade, and it would be tragic if 
the United States made such protection inmossible by following Nazi-like policies toward 
rubber and other commodities.” (Letter to Or. 3. N„ Bressman, of the Office of the Co¬ 
ordinator of Inter-American Affairs, at the invitation of the New York Daily News end 
printed in that paper, October 7, 1942, p. 39) 







Sumner. Welles f Unflar-Secretary of State 

,5 For twelve tragic years after the close of the last World War the United States with- 
drew from almost svory form of constructive cooperation with the other nations of the 
earth, 

"W e are reaping the hitter cost of that isolation, 

"For I am persuaded that after the victory is won, so long as the power end influence 
of the United States are felt in the councils of the world, so long as our cooperation is 
effectively offered, so long can one hope that peace can and will be maintained," 

(October 8, 1942, Boston, Mass.) 

s?.ohn 0. Wjnent. American Ambassador in Lo pAon 


"(The post-war world) cells for a political philosophy which... reaches beyond selfish 
nationalism to a plan of political and economic collaboration in order that we may join to- 
gether to create a prosperous and peaceful world... " (March 9, 1942, speech) 

"The great mass of common men... went a friendly, civilized wor3.d of free peoples in 
which Christian virtues and moral values ere not spurned ag decadent and outmoded, a world 
where honest work is recognized and a man can own himself. (March 9, 1942, speech) 

White House 


Further were discussed the fundamental problems of cooperation of the Soviet Union 
and the United States in safeguarding peace and security to the freedom-loving peoples 
after the war. Both sides state with satisfaction the unity of their views on all these 
questions. (June 11, 1942, Conversations in re visit of V. M. Molotov.) 


bo PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION 

(1) UNIVERSAL V. SELECTIVE V. REGIONAL 
NelapiLA,—Rockefeller, Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs 

"But cooperation throughout the hemisphere has by no means been limited to the economic 
field. Since the signing of the Rio Charter by the 21 American republics the people of the 
Americas have mad© increasing sacrifices and taken one step after another to insure ulti¬ 
mate victoryo 

"The adherence of the Americas to the united cause we have at heart is a practical as 
well as a. moral pledge that in the cooperation of the American nations to preserve the free¬ 
dom of the peoples of these continents, there shall be no isolationism. 

"It points the wsy toward the directions in which the American countries ere going in 
peace as well as in war." (August 23, 1942, on the CBS Summer Symphony Program) 

"We cannot, after all, lastingly maintain peace and physical security for the inhabi¬ 
tants of the American continents alone. We cannot establish freedom from want and fear, 
apply the principles of the Atlantic Charter exclusively in a single hemisphere. 

"We cannot establish— and securely maintain— the liberties for which we are fighting 
today, in the isolation of even half a world. 

"For the physical safety of civilization in the future, the call today is for a new 
world pace of progress and new world goals. 

"That pace can be set, and those goals established, only through an expansion of co¬ 
operation between peoples to embrace other continents. Cooperation not simply in framing 
the terms of peace, but in solving the deeper and more complex problems on which the per¬ 
manence of peace depends." (August 23, 1942, on the CBS Summer Symphony Program) 







8 


8 


Henry A. Wallace. Vice~Prer>ident 

”., o on October 12, the people of Mexico, like the other Spanish-speaking peox>les of 
the Western Hemisphere, will celebrate what they cell ’the day of the race’, meaning the 
Span!sh“specking race. We in the North call it ’Columbus Day. * I hope the time will 
come when we shall refer to it as *New World Day 4 , and shall make it stand for liberty 
and true democracy throughout the hemisphere.” (September 16, 1943, Los Angeles, Calif., 
anniversary of Mexicen independence) 

”V© (of the New World) do not turn our backs on the Old World. We know that freedom 
cannot be safe in the New World unless it is secure in the entire world. We know that 
our devotion to New World ideals and our utter willingness to sacrifice our all in the 
defense give the millions in the old world the courage to fight on." (September 16, 

1942, Los Angeles, Calif., anniversary of Mexican independence) 

M ..o Thus there has come into being here in the New World something which is neither 
English nor Spanish nor Portuguese, but has an identity of its own, an identity that is 
uniquely American. 

“It is to preserve this New World identity, this New World love of liberty, this New 
World love of peace, this New World love of education and the dignity of the common man, 
that Mexico and the United'States and other New World countries have joined in the great 
struggle of the United Nations." (September 16, Los Angeles, Calif., anniversary of 
Mexican independence) 

Thomas W. Woodward. Vice-Chairman. N. S. Mp- r jt ine__(k)mmlasLon 

.”Some world machinery of government must be set up ... (after the war)... " 

(March 6, 1942, Haverford, Pa.) 


(2) SANCTION1ST V. CONSULTATIVE 


(3) BASIS ON REPRESENTATION AND VOTING 


Co PRE-WAR AGENCIES: LEAGUE, COURT, LABOR ORGANIZATION 

Cordell Hull. Secretary of State 

’’Settlement of disputes by peaceful means, and indeed all processes of international 
cooperation, presuppose respect for law and obligations,. It is plain that one of the 
institutions which must be established and given vitality is an international court of 
justice*" (July 23, 1942, Radio Address) 


do UNITED NATIONS 

"The concepts of the United Nations will not perish on the battlefields of this 
terrible wer. It will live to lay the basis of the enduring world understanding on 
which mankind depends to preserve its peace and its freedom.'’ (June 15, 1942, Lend- 
Lease Report to Congress) 








Adolf. A, Berle. ■Ksal^tf.rit. Secrgtfry of State 


11 The frame of victory we propose to win is already made by the great association of 
peoples comprehended within the United Nations. Victory, when it comes, will be a neo- 
pie’s victory. The fruits of the victory will be available to every free people through¬ 
out the world." (February 20, 1942, National Farm Institute) 

4i±QlL.A B Berle. Assistant Secretary of State 

V 

"■/hen victory comes —ps come it will—this vest machinery (of the United Nations) 
will be the way by which the civilian population of most of the world gets its supplies. 

The organization will be there, and standing; it will have under its direct charge the 
resources of most of the world." (October 15, 1942 „ Birmingham, Ala.) 

^-Imgr. Devis...01xcobor t Office of War Information 

"Most of the United Nations are democracies, but not all of them, rnd their tynes 
of democracy are quite divergent. A very mixed assortment indeed, but their bond of 
unity is simple enough. They are the nations which have been attacked, successfully 
or unsuccessfully; the nations which wanted peace, and were attacked, and are still, 
in one way or another, fighting the aggressor. 

"To some this bond of unity may seem somewhat inadequate as the foundation for so 
spacious an ideal as the United Nations, which might develop into an organized world; 
but really it is the strongest possible ground for unity, for it is a matter not of 
preference but of necessity. And if recent history is any guide to the future, that 
necessity will not disappear with allied victory in this war. The nations which are 
united, belatedly, to defend themselves against an attack that would never have been 
made if they had stood together earlier—those mtions are likely to have to continue 
to stand together, as safeguard against future attack." (October 3, 1942, New York, N.Y.) 

Sumiier. . y&Azi-hcre ,kJX— 

"... I believe they (the American people) will demand that the United Nations become 
the nucleus of a vrorld organization of the future to determine the final terras of a Just, 
an honest, and a durable peace to be entered into after the passing of the oeriod of 
social and economic chaos which will come inevitably upon the termination of the present 
wer, and after the completion of the initial and gigantic task of relief, of reconstruc¬ 
tion end of rehabilitation which will confront the United Nations at the time of the 
Armistice." (May 30, 1942, Arlington, Va.) 

"When the war ends with the resultant exhaustion which will then beset so many of 
the nations who are Joined with us, only the United States will have the strength and , 

the resources to lead the world out of the slough in which it has struggled so long; 
to lead the way toward a world order in which there can be freedom from want." (May 
30, 1942, Arlington, Ve.) 

Sumner Welles, Undersecretary of. 3t f _te 

"It is now evident that in the cooperation and unity of the United Nations lies our 
ultimate victory. I believe that it is equally true that in the continuance and timeli¬ 
ness of that cooperation also lies our hope for an honest, a workable, rnd a lasting oeace. 

l 'The unity which the free -neoples have achieved to win their war must continue on to 
win their oeace. For since this is in truth a people’s war, it must be followed by a 
r»eoT)le 6 s peace. The translation into terms of reality o^ the promise of the great free¬ 
doms for all T>eor>le everywhere i 3 the final objective. Ue must be beforehand in charting 







Go - 10 


the course toward, that objective• The clearer we can make the outlines of the peace, the 
firmer will be our determination to attain it, the stronger our will to win the war. 

"One hears it said that no thought should be given to the problems of the peace, nor 
to the problems of the transitional period between war and established peace, until after 
the wer hes been won. 

"The shallowness of such thinking, whether sincere or sinister, is apparent... 

11 Such efforts in my judgment contribute directly to the drive towards victory." 
(October 8, 1942, Boston, Mass.) 

"... the United Nations must maintain their unity beyond the immediate task of pros¬ 
ecuting the people's war in order to prepare for and insure to the -people their peace." 
(October 8, 1942, Boston, Mess.) 

"During the war as fully as we can, and more fully after we have destroyed the madmen 
who seek to rule the world by force and terror, we of the United Nations will go forward 
in a loyal partnership to carry out the -pledges we have made to each other and the world." 
(October 8* 1942, Boston, Mass.) 


e. OTHER INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES AND BOARDS 
Wayne Chatfield-Tgylor. Under-Secretary of Commerce 

"How can all the countries be assured after the wer, of their share in transportation 
facilities? How can new and adequate facilities be acquired? Can this be done without 
the creation of some impartial international authority designed to administer and reorga¬ 
nise existing systems for the benefit of all the countries, and, as soon as possible, 
plan the reconstruction of the Danube, the Rhine, the Don, the Yangstse and other regions 
in relation to each other? 

"Although many services can be facilitated through the use of airplanes, the everyday 
existence of the rural population and their trade with industrial centers must be by 
means of roads, railways and waterways. 

"The matter of ocean transportation is also important. When the period of stress is 
over, how shall shipping be regulated in order that the various countries shall have the 
means of transporting their products and of importing needed goods? Must the foreign 
trade of a smell country suffer because the ships owned by a more powerful neighbor are 
used exclusively for the trade of the owning country, without stopping to call at the 
ports of weaker states? Must every state try to build ships to carry its own commerce? 
Does the Seventh Declaration of the Atlantic Charter, that the 'peace should enable all 
men to traverse the high seas and oceans without hindrancemean only freedom from hin¬ 
drance by submarines and sea-raiders? Could an International Authority administer the 
shipping lanes 'to promote mutually advantageous economic relations between them for the 
betterment of world-wide economic relations'?" (October 7, 1942, Boston, Mass. 

LgP—Na_svo.ls.ky . .State Depp rtment 

"There is no mystery as to the nature of the economic problems which will confront us 
after the war. . a . some of the more important ones will be as follows:. 

1. To rebuild the machinery of sound international commercial relations, by 
dealing with such problems as import restrictions, non--discriminatory treatment, access 
to raw materials, commodity agreements, export subsidies, indirect protectionism, ship¬ 
ping, etc. 

2. To create appropriate arrangements for the stabilisation of foreign exchange 
rates and for encouraging freedom of foreign exchange rates and for encouraging freedom 
of foreign exchange transactions, including s\ich problems as the role of gold and the 
use of other monetary techniques. 




8c - IX 


3e To create affective machinery of international credit end investment, 
designed to promote the functioning of international trade, the establishment end 
maintenance of monetary stability, the development of the world^s resources, and 
the assurance of a timely end adequate flov? of funds from financially stronger to 
financially weaker countries for the purpose of Assisting them in reducing the am¬ 
plitude of economic fluctuations, end thereby contributing to general economic 
stability; pnd to bring about, where necessary, pdjustnent of existing international 
obligations. 

4o To set up other necessary mechanisms for implementing the vprious phpses 
of economic collaboration r-raong nptions, as regards both international policies and 
measures and appropriate international coordination of domestic policies and measures. 1 ' 
(March 4, 1942, Delaware, Ohio) 

Navy...Department — Joint Army aTtd Navy,War Payiew 

"With respect to collaboration among the United Nations, tremendous progress has been 
made as compared to the World War. Three weeks after the beginning of the present war, 
in conjunction with a visit of the Frime Minister of England and the leading members of 
the British Army, Navy, and Air Forces in Washington, machinery was established that will 
insure complete unity of purpose on the part of the nations concentrating their efforts 
on the defeat of the Axis powers. The existing machinery also pennits collaboration with 
the mbmbers of the British Commonwealth and other powers which have dedicated their 
efforts towards achieving this purpose*" (May 17, 1942, Washington, D. C.) 


f, REGIONAL international ORGANIZATIONS 
Franklin D. Roosevelt, President 

n •.. when it comes to cleaning up the mess at the end of this war, after the Axis is 
defeated, we will have again an hemispheric council around here to see what we are going 
to do all over the world, because we will have a very great voice in preventing, in the 
future, an attack on our American civilisation.'’ (April 14, 194??, Washington, DoC.) 

Wayne Chatfield-Taylor...Under-Secretary of Commerce 

“No matter how terrifying events in other parts of the world may seem, or how much 
bad news may come to us, temporarily, from across the Atlantic or the Pacific, or how 
many immediate sacrifices each of us here must make in order to win through a now world- 
blockading war, there is still something for which we can be thankful. We have a blue¬ 
print before us for building something good in this hemisphere.” (February, 1942, 
Article, Forelgn Commer.ce__Wee.kly ) 


# # -'/• # * 











ERRATA 


The following changes should be made in the outline 
column of the index: 


For 2b throughout, Reed 2c 

rt 2c w M 2d 

“ 2d “ " 2e 

« 2e « H 2f 

rt 2f * « 11 2g 

« 2g w H 2h 


• • • f 

Berle, Kerch 7 t 1942 For 5a e Read 2b 
Berle, October 12, 1942 “ t} rt # 

Biddle, Kerch 23, 1942 ” rt 11 " 

Ickes, June 21 B 1942 rt tt ,! w 

Nelson, Sept- 7 0 1942 rt ” " M 

Roosvelt, April 27, 1942 n 11 " H 













UWmjX OF SPOKJflSMJfiN 


[References ere to speeches unless otherwise noted) 


NAME 


PATE OUTLINE SECTION 


Dean Aeheson, Ass't Secretary of State 

Paul H. Appleby, Under-See’ty of Agriculture 
rhurmen Arnold, Ass°t Attorney General 
(Statement) 
r— (Article) 


Ralph A. 3ard, Ass*t Secretary of the Navy 
filliara L. 3att, WPB 

^dolf A. Berle, Ass’t Secretary of State 


Francis Biddle, Attorney General 
—— (Statement) 


ipruille Braden. Ambassador to Cuba 
[eyne Chatfield-Taylor, Under»Sec“ty of 
Commerce (Article) 


iles L. Colean, Birector of the Housing 
Survey for the 20th Century Fund 
(Pamphlet) 

limer Davis, Director, OWI 
fillism 0« Douglas, Associate Justice, 
Supreme Court 

L M. Evans, Vice-Chairman, Federal Reserve 

paries Fahy, Solicitor-General 

bilip 3. Fleming, Administrator of FWA 

pmes V. Forrestel, Under-Sec 8 ty ofthe Navy 

(avid Ginsburg, General Counsel, OPA 


June 2, 1942 

3f 


July 7, 1942 

5c 


July 10, 1942 

8a 


April 17, 1942 

5f 


May 30, 1942 

5f, 

5e 

June 3, 1942 

5f 


J\ine 5, 1942 

5e 


July 28, 1942 

5f 


Sept. 8, 1942 

2a 


Sept, 29, 1942 

2a 


May 2, 1942 

6f 


May 17, 1942 

7a 


Feb. 20, 1942 

8d, 

3e 

March 7, 1942 

5a 


March 25, 1942 


3d, 2b 

May 10, 1942 

3f 


Sept. 1, 1942 

2e 


Oct. 12, 1942 

3f, 

5a 

Oct. 15, 1942 

8a, 

5a 

4b, 8d 

March 23, 1942 

5a, 

2© 

April 25, 1942 

8a, 

5f 

May 26,1942 

2f 


Oct, 12, 1942 

3f 


April 9, 1942 

7a 


Feb. 1942 

8f 


April 24, 1942 

5f, 

5a 

May 18, 1942 

5b, 

5a 

June 18, 1942 

5a, 

8a 

Aug. 26, 1942 

2a, 

5f 

Oct. 5, 1942 



Oct. 7, 1942 

8e, 

ro 

00 

Oct. 21, 1942 

8a 



July , 1942 

5f 


Oct. 3, 1942 

8d, 

8a 

Sept. 5, 1942 

2c 


Jan. 29, 1942 

8a 


June 6, 1942 

8p 


Sent. 30, 1942 • 

2g 


Oct. 21, 1942 

Zg 


Sept. 6, 1942 

2c 


Sent. 20, 1942 

4c, 

8a, 4e 

Oct. 26, 1942 

5e 














Index 


NAM£ 

Joseph C. Grew, Former Ambassador to Japan 


Harry C. Hawkins, State Department 
Leon Henderson,. Price Administrator 
Brig. Gen, Frank T. Hines, Administrator 
of Veteran Affairs 

Stanley K„ Hornbeck, Adviser on Political 
delations, State Department 


Cordell Hull, Secretary of State 
(Statement) 

(Statement) 


(Press Conference) 


xHerold L. Iekes,Secretary of the Interior 


Robert H. Jackson, associate Justice, 
Supreme Court 


William M. Jeffers,Rubber Administrator 
(before Senate Committee) 

Lrnest J. King, Commende$p~in-Chief, 

13. S. Fleet 

Frank Knox, Secretary of the Davy 


Frank Knox, Secretary of the Navy and 
Robert F= Patterson, Under-Sec 5 ty of War 
(Joint Statement.) 

Owen Lattimore, Political Adviser to 
Gen. Chian Kai-Shek 
(Broadcast) 

Admiral William D. Leahy, Chief of Staff 
(to the Commander-in-Chief) 
Wendell Lund, WPB 


Archibald MacLeish, OWI 

Gen. George C. Marshall, Chief of Staff 

Wallace McClure, State Department 


PATH OUTLINE SECTION 


Aug. SO, 1942 

2e, 2d, 

2c 


SeT)t. 18, 1942 

2b 



Oct. 8, 1942 

2s 



Oct. 10, 1942 

8a, 5a, 

2a, 

3f 

Oct, 9, 1942 

5c, 5a, 

5b 


Sept. 8, 1942 

2a 



Se~"t. 1, 1942 

2b 



May 21, 1942 

8a 



June 1, 1942 

8s 



July 16, 1937 

8a 



April 24, 1942 

2a 



May 17-23, 1942 

5a 



May 31, 1942 

7b 



May 31,, 1942 

3d 



July 23, 1942 

7fi, 2s» 

3e, 

4c, 5a, 


5b, 4b, 

8c, 

5a, 2e, 


2c, 2d, 

6d 


March 12, 1942 

2b 



May 26, 1942 

2f 



June 21, 1942 

5a, 2f 



July 14, 1942 

2f, 3f, 

3d 


Oct. 2* 1941 

8a 



Feb. 23, 1942 

2f, 2b 



Sept. 2, 1942 

2a fi 5a, 

8a, 

X’s 2*0 

Oct. 12, 1942 

26 


■ « 

^une 19, 1942 

4e 



Oct. 1, 1941 

5d 



Dec. 19, 1941 

2a 



Jan. 2„ 1942 

7a 



Jan. 12, 1942 

2b 



March 30, 1942 

26 



Sept. 19, 1942 

4c 8 3f 



Oct. 27, 1942 

4c, 5d 



Sept. 7, 1942 

2a 



Oct. 23, 1942 

7b 


Aug. 9, 1942 

3d 



June 6 S 1942 

5f, 2f 



Aug. 6, 1942 

5f, 3e 



Anril 20, 1942 

2f 



May 29, 1942 

2d 



Hay 16, 1942 

3f, 5f, 

5b 

















Index - Z« 


NAME 


DATE OUTLINE SECTION 


'aul V. McNutt, Chairman, War Manpower 
Commission 

ierrepont Moffat, Minister to Canada 

ten Moreell, Chief, Bureau of Yards & Docks 

obert Nathan, WPB 

>onald M. Nelson, Chairman, WPB 


>r„ Thomas Parran, Surgeon General 
(Statement) 

*eo Pcsvolsky. State Department 
Robert P 0 P&tterson, Under-Sec Hy of War 


Lilo Perkins, Board of Economic Warfare 
r srren Lee Pierson, President, Exnort- 
Import Bank 

’letcher H. Rawls, Department of Commerce 
lejor Gen. Eugene Reybold, Chief of 
Engineers, War Department 
lelson A. Rockefeller, Coordinator of 
Inter-American Affairs 
’renklin D. Roosevelt, President 
(to Congress) 


(Declaration of War. on Japan) 


- (Letter) 

(Telegram) 

- (Remarks) 


—— (Message in Yank ) 

- (Lend-Lease Report to Congress) 

- (Letter) 

- (Letter) 

- (Statement) 


(Letter) 

(Statement) 

(Press Conference) 


June IS, 1942 

8a 


July 16, 1942 

5© 


Sept. SO, 1S42 

2c 


June 18, 1942 

5f 


Feb. 18, 1942 

2c 


March 2, 1942 

2a 


June 9, 1942 

5e 


July 10, 1942 

28 


Sept. 7 f 1942 

5a, 

5f 

Sept. 21, 1942 

2a 


May 18, 1942 

3* 


March 4, 1942 

2d, 

8e, 8a 

Dec. 14, 1941 

2c, 

2f 

Sent. 18, 1942 

2b 


Sept. 19, 1942 

2b 


May 25, 1942 

5f, 

5e 

Oct. 7, 1942 

5a 


June 19, 1942 

5f 


March 26, 1942 

2f 


Aug. 23, 1942 

8b 


Jen. 6, 1941 

2© 


Sept. 1, 1941 

7a, 

5f 

Sent. 11, 1941 

5d 


Oct. 25, 1941 

3g 


Dec. 8, 1941 

4a 


Dec. 9, 1941 

2f, 

2d, 2a 

Jan. 6, 1942 

3d, 

2a, 2b, 

Jan. 7, 1942 

5f 


Feb. 23, 1942 

2d, 

2a 

March 9, 1942 

2b 


March 26, 1942 

2© 


March 27, 1942 

3d 


March 31, 19<2 

2f 


Anril 14 f 1942 

8f, 

2b, 2c 

Anri! 27, 1942 

5a, 

5f 

Anril 28, 1942 

3d 


May 10, 1942 

2b 


June 14, 1942 

2® 


June 14, 1942 

2® 


June 15, 1942 

8d 


July 4, 1942 

2e 


July 17, 1942 

3g, 

2© 

Aug. 14, 1942 

2a, 

2d 

Aug. 21, 1942 

3g 


Sept. 3, 1942 

2a, 

2b 

Sent. 7, 1942 

2c 


Sept. 24, 1942 

3a 


Sept. 27, 1942 

2a 


Oct. 7, 1942 

3g 


Oct. 12, 1942 

2©, 

3g, 2f, 

Oct. 27 0 1942 

2a 



2f 














index - 4 c 


NAMS 


DATS OUTLINE SECTION 


Francis B. Sayre, U. S, High Commissioner 
in the Philippines 

S„ D, Schell, TJ. So Maritime Commission 
Harold D. Smith, Director, Bureau of the 
Budget 

John L. Sullivan, Treasury Department 
Bear Admiral Howard L. Vickery, UoSoN oc Vic© 
Chairman, U. S. Maritime Commission 


Prank C. Walker, Postmaster General 
Henry A. Wallace, Vice-President 
(Article) 


- (Letter) 

- (Article) 

Sumner Welles, Under-Secretary of State 
(Press Conference) 


Leslie A, Wheeler, Dep 9 t of Agriculture 
(Report) 

Claude R. Wickard, SecHy of Agriculture 


Carroll L- Wilson, Department of Commerce 


John G. Winant, Ambauoador in London 


Thomas M. Woodward, Vice-Chairman, 

U. S. Maritime Commie si on (Remarks) 


Alvin H. Hansen, N.R.PoB. 

(Pamphlet) 

National Resources Planning Board 
(Pamphlet) 
(Pamphlet) 

Navy Department — Joint Army & ^avy 
War Review 

White House (Conversations) 
Department of State (Release) 

--— (Agreement) 


April 9, 1942 

8fi 


May 22, 1942 

5f 


June 9, 1942 

5f 


June 14, 1942 

3f, 2ft 


May 22, 1942 

6f 


Oct. 16, 1942 

2*. 5f 


Aug. 18 p 1942 

2a, 7a 


January 1942 

6a, 5b 

April 18, 1942 

2# 


May 8, 1942 

2b, 5a, 

3a, 2© 

June 8, 1942 

6d 


Sept. 16, 1942 

2a t 8b‘, 

2d, 2e 

Oct. 7, 1942 

8a, 5a 


Oct. 11 9 1942 

2f 


Oct. 17, 1942 

5a 


March 16, 1942 

April 13, 1942 

May 30, 1942 

2d, 2e 
3d 

3f» 5a, 

2d, 3b, 4b, 

7ft, 8d, 

2b 

June 17, 1942 

3e, 2g 


Oct. 8, 1942 

8d, 2b 8 

3©, 5a 4e, 


5s B 5e, 

8a 

Feb. 4, 1942 

5a 


April 28, 1942 

5a 


May 21, 1942 

5e, 5a 


June 17 0 1S42 

5© 


July 3, 1942 

5a 


July 6, 1942 

5a, 5® 


Sept. 24, 1942 

3e 


Feb. 28 „ 1942 

2g, 3f 


March 25, 1942 

3a B 2g 


June 4, 1942 

5f 


March 9, 1942 

8a 


June 6, 1942 

5® 


July 17, 1942 

5d 


March 6, 1942 

2f, 5b, 

8b 

May 21, 1942 

5f, 7a 


January 1942 

6f, 5a 


May 18, 1942 

5f P 2g 


September, 1942 

2g o 2 f 9 

2a, 5f , 3a 

May 17, 1942 

8« 


June 11, 1942 

8ft 


May 4, 1942 

3d 


Sept. 2, 1942 

5c 


















































